Fatty acid desaturases play important role in plant responses to abiotic stresses. However, their exact function resistance salt stress is unknown. In this work, we provide the evidence that FAD2, an endoplasmic reticulum localized ω-6 desaturase, required for tolerance Arabidopsis. Using vacuolar and plasma membrane vesicles prepared from leaves of wild-type (Col-0) loss-of-function Arabidopsis mutant, fad2, which lacks functional examined fatty composition Na+-dependent H+ movements...

Previous studies on the correlation between serum selenium and hypertension have yielded inconsistent results. Our previous analysis of participants from National Health Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2018 indicated that elevated concentrations were associated with an increased risk metabolic abnormalities in obese individuals, primary effect being blood pressure males. The aim this study was to further elucidate relationship In study, we examined 2,585 male a body mass index...

Background Interleukin-2 (IL-2) serves as a pioneer of immunotherapeutic agent in cancer treatment. However, there is considerable proportion patients who cannot benefit from this therapy due to the limited clinical responses and dose-limiting toxicities. Mounting evidence indicates that commensal microbiota shapes outcome immunotherapies. In study, we aim investigate enhancing effect Akkermansia muciniphila (AKK), beneficial microbe receiving attentions, on antitumor efficacy IL-2 explore...

Plants balance their competing requirements for growth and stress tolerance via a sophisticated regulatory circuitry that controls responses to the external environments. We have identified plant-specific gene, COST1 ( constitutively stressed 1 ), is required normal plant but negatively regulates drought resistance by influencing autophagy pathway. An Arabidopsis thaliana cost1 mutant has decreased increased tolerance, together with constitutive expression of drought-response genes, while...

Unlike other members of the MAPK family, ERK5 contains a large C-terminal domain with transcriptional activation capability in addition to an N-terminal canonical kinase domain. Genetic deletion is embryonic lethal, and tissue-restricted deletions have profound effects on erythroid development, cardiac function, neurogenesis. In addition, depletion antiinflammatory antitumorigenic. Small molecule inhibition has been shown promising activity cell animal models inflammation oncology. Here we...

Prions induce lethal neurodegeneration and consist of PrPSc, an aggregated conformer the cellular prion protein PrPC. Antibody-derived ligands to globular domain PrPC (collectively termed GDL) are also neurotoxic. Here we show that GDL infections activate same pathways. Firstly, both infection cerebellar organotypic cultured slices (COCS) induced production reactive oxygen species (ROS). Accordingly, ROS scavenging, which counteracts toxicity in vitro vivo, prolonged lifespan prion-infected...

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are essential hormones that play crucial roles in plant growth, reproduction and response to abiotic biotic stress. In Arabidopsis, AtCYP85A2 works as a bifunctional cytochrome P450 monooxygenase catalyse the conversion of castasterone brassinolide, final rate-limiting step BR-biosynthetic pathway. Here, we report functional characterizations PtCYP85A3, one three homologous genes from Populus trichocarpa. PtCYP85A3 shares highest similarity with can rescue...

Recent clinical studies have demonstrated a beneficial effect of Saccharomyces boulardii (S. boulardii) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly defined. In this study, we investigated modulating S. on intestinal microbiota humanized mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. The were fed an boulardii-supplement diet for 16 days before DSS treatment. results showed that feeding significantly ameliorated colon damage and regulated...

Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) play an essential role in plant cell detoxification and secondary metabolism. However, their accurate functions the growth response to abiotic stress woody plants are still largely unknown. In this work, a Phi class S-transferase encoding gene PtGSTF1 was isolated from poplar (P. trichocarpa), its biological regulation of biomass production salt tolerance were investigated transgenic poplar. ubiquitously expressed various tissues organs, with predominant...

Refractory constipation is the most severe form of constipation, and its etiology remains unknown. The symptoms occur repeatedly, which brings great pain to patient's body psychology. Accumulating studies suggest that patients present a significant dysbiosis gut microbiota compared with healthy individuals. In this study, we analyzed composition fresh feces accumulated (old feces) refractory found there was difference between them. Through mouse model loperamide-induced it proved old could...

Seed-coat cracking and undesirable color of seed coat highly affects external appearance commercial value peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.). With an objective to find genetic solution the above problems, a peanut mutant with brown colored (testa) was identified from EMS treated population designated as "peanut crack line (pscb)". The weight almost twice wild type, germination time significantly lower than type. Further, had level lignin, anthocyanin, proanthocyandin content increased melanin...

Using DNA microarray analysis, mRNA levels from wild-type Yersinia pestis cells treated with the iron chelator 2,2′-dipyridyl were compared those supplemented excessive iron, and subsequent to this, gene expression in fur mutant was that strain under rich conditions. The analysis revealed many transport or storage systems had been induced response starvation, which is mediated by Fur protein, using as a co-repressor. iron–Fur complex also affected some genes involved various non-iron...

Quinoxaline 1,4-di-N-oxides (QdNOs) are widely known as potent antibacterial agents, but their mechanisms incompletely understood. In this study, the transcriptomic and proteomic profiles of Escherichia coli exposed to QdNOs were integratively investigated, results demonstrated that mainly induced an SOS response oxidative stress. Moreover, genes proteins involved in bacterial metabolism, cellular structure maintenance, resistance virulence also found be changed, conferring survival...

Slow transit constipation is an intractable with unknown aetiology and uncertain pathogenesis. The gut microbiota maintains a symbiotic relationship the host has impact on metabolism. Previous studies have reported that some microbes ability to produce 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), important neurotransmitter. However, there are scarce data exploiting effects of microbiota-derived 5-HT in constipation-related disease. We genetically engineered probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN-5-HT)...

Cadmium (Cd) is one of the heavy metals that contaminate rice cultivation, and reducing Cd contamination in through agronomic measures a hot research topic. In this study, foliar sprays gibberellins (GA) brassinolide (BR) were applied to under stress hydroponic pot experiments. After spraying GR BR, biomass plants grown either hydroponics or soil culture was significantly higher even exceeded absence stress. addition, photosynthetic parameters (maximum fluorescence values), root length...

C-TERMINALLY ENCODED PEPTIDEs (CEPs) are a class of peptide hormones that have been shown in previous studies to play an important role regulating the development and response abiotic stress model plants. However, their cotton is not well understood. In this study, we identified 54, 59, 34, 35 CEP genes from Gossypium hirsutum (2n = 4x 52, AD1), G. barbadense (AD2), arboreum 2X 26, A2), raimondii D5), respectively. Sequence alignment phylogenetic analyses indicate proteins can be categorized...

Low temperature is a major adverse environmental factor that impairs petunia growth and development. To better understand the molecular mechanisms of cold stress adaptation plants, quantitative proteomic analysis using iTRAQ technology was performed to detect effects on protein expression profiles in seedlings which had been subjected 2°C for 5 days. Of 2430 proteins whose levels were quantitated, total 117 discovered be differentially expressed under low comparison unstressed controls. As...