The purpose of this study was to determine whether there an age‐related decline in the isometric and isotonic contractile function permeabilized slow (MHC I) fast IIa) single muscle fibres. Vastus lateralis fibres from six young men (YM; 25 ± 1 years), women (YW; old (OM; 80 4 years) (OW; 78 2 were studied at 15 °C for vitro force‐velocity properties, peak force velocity. Peak power 23‐28 % lower ( P < 0.05 ) MHC I YW compared other three groups. IIa 25–40 OW No difference found...

PGs have been shown to modulate skeletal muscle protein metabolism as well inflammation and pain. In nonskeletal tissues, the over counter analgesic drugs ibuprofen acetaminophen function through suppression of PG synthesis. We previously reported that inhibit normal increase in synthesis after high intensity eccentric resistance exercise. The current study examined levels same subjects further investigate mechanisms action these exercised muscle. Twenty-four males (25 ± 3 yr) were assigned...

Skeletal muscle atrophy is associated with an increase in apoptosis, and we showed previously that endonuclease G (EndoG) localized to nuclei following unloading. The goal of this study was determine whether the onset apoptosis response disuse consistent hypothesis EndoG involved myofiber nuclear loss. Atrophy induced by hindlimb suspension for 12 h or 1, 2, 4 7 days 6-mo-old rats. Soleus cross-sectional area decreased significantly 2 days, whereas mass muscle-to-body ratio respectively. By...

Skeletal muscle protein synthesis has generally been determined by the precursor:product labeling approach using labeled amino acids (e.g., [13C]leucine or [13C]-, [15N]-, [2H]phenylalanine) as tracers. Although reliable for determining rates of synthesis, this methodological requires experiments to be conducted in a controlled environment, and result, limited our understanding renewal under free-living conditions over extended periods time (i.e., integrative/cumulative assessments). An...

Obesity may impair protein synthesis rates and cause anabolic resistance to growth factors, hormones, exercise, ultimately affecting skeletal muscle mass function. To better understand wasting with obesity, we assessed 24-h fractional (24-h FSRs) in selected hind-limb muscles of sedentary resistance-exercised lean obese Zucker rats. Despite atrophied (–28% vs. rats), FSRs mixed proteins were significantly higher quadriceps (+18%) red or white gastrocnemius (+22 +38%, respectively) animals...

Oliver, JM, Jagim, AR, Sanchez, AC, Mardock, MA, Kelly, KA, Meredith, HJ, Smith, GL, Greenwood, M, Parker, JL, Riechman, SE, Fluckey, JD, Crouse, SF, and Kreider, RB. Greater gains in strength power with intraset rest intervals hypertrophic training. J Strength Cond Res 27(11): 3116–3131, 2013—We sought to determine if training (ISRs) produced greater compared traditional (TRD) Twenty-two men (age 25 ± 5 years, height 179.71 5.04 cm, weight 82.1 10.6 kg, 6.5 4.5 years of training) matched...

Insulin resistance is a well-known risk factor for obesity, metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) and associated cardiovascular diseases, but its mechanisms are undefined in the lymphatics. Mesenteric lymphatic vessels from MetSyn or LPS-injected rats exhibited impaired intrinsic contractile activity inflammatory changes. Hence, we hypothesized that insulin muscle cells (LMCs) affects cell bioenergetics signaling pathways consequently alter contractility. LMCs were treated with different...

This study was conducted to determine whether improvements in glucose tolerance could be observed after a single bout of resistance exercise young (27.1 +/- 1.24 yr) control subjects, older (53.3 1.7 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), and (50.7 1.9 age-matched subjects. Each subject screened for fitness level any contraindications before inclusion the study. A 75-g oral test administered 2 wk subjects were screened, familiarized equipment. The maximum weight that...

ABSTRACT Insulin resistant diabetes, currently at epidemic levels in developed countries, begins the skeletal muscle and is linked to altered protein turnover. microRNAs downregulate targeted mRNA translation decreasing amount of translated protein, thereby regulating many cellular processes. Regulation miRNAs their function insulin resistance largely unexplored. The purpose this study was identify effects on contents with potential functions We examined miRs ‐1, ‐16, ‐23, ‐27, ‐133a, ‐133b,...

This study had the following objectives: 1) to determine whether diabetic rats could increase muscle mass due a physiological manipulation (chronic resistance exercise), 2) exercise training status modifies effect of last bout on elevations in rates protein synthesis, and 3) chronic alters basal glycemia. Groups consisted or nondiabetic that performed progressive for 8 wk, acute exercise, remained sedentary. Arterial plasma insulin groups was reduced by about one-half ( P < 0.05) compared...

ABSTRACT Exposure to microgravity and/or spaceflight causes dramatic losses in both muscle and bone mass. In normal gravity, resistance exercise has been effectively used increase We tested a novel form of training using flywheel technology as countermeasure offset the loss musculoskeletal mass during 4 weeks adult rat hindlimb suspension (HS), an unloading model microgravity. Male, Sprague–Dawley rats (6‐month old) were operantly conditioned perform exercise, then randomly assigned groups...

The factors that regulate gene expression of uncoupling proteins 2 and 3 (UCP-2 UCP-3) in skeletal muscle are poorly understood, but both genes clearly responsive to the metabolic state organism. Therefore, we tested hypothesis denervation acute and/or chronic exercise (factors profoundly affect metabolism) would alter UCP-2 UCP-3 expression. For studies, sciatic nerve rat mouse hindlimb was sectioned one leg while contralateral limb served as control. Northern blot analysis revealed...

<h3>Background</h3> The efficacy of ad libitum low-fat diets in reducing body weight and fat overweight obese adults remains controversial. <h3>Methods</h3> We examined the effect a 12-week low-fat, high–complex carbohydrate diet alone (HI-CHO) combination with aerobic exercise training (HI-CHO + EX) on composition 34 individuals impaired glucose tolerance (20 women 14 men; mean ± SEM age, 66 1 years). Participants were randomly assigned to control (41% fat, 14% protein, 45% carbohydrates, 7...

Background The purpose of this study was to examine the short-term and chronic effects β-ALA supplementation with without creatine monohydrate on body composition, aerobic anaerobic exercise performance, muscle carnosine levels in college-aged recreationally active females.Methods Thirty-two females were randomized a double-blind, placebo-controlled manner into one four groups: only (BA, n = 8), (CRE, combined (BAC, 9) placebo (PLA, 7). Participants supplemented for weeks included loading...

PPARδ is a transcription factor regulating the expression of genes involved in oxidative metabolism, which may regulate blood cholesterols through and lipoprotein metabolism genes. To determine association skeletal muscle content with lipids lipoproteins before following exercise, overweight obese men (n = 9) women 7) were recruited; age, BMI, body fat percentage, Vo(2max) (means ± SE) 45 2.5 yr, 31.9 1.4 kg/m(-2), 41.1 1.5%, 26.0 1.3 mLO(2)·kg(-1)·min(-1), respectively. Subjects performed...

Mechanical ventilation (MV) is a life-saving intervention in patients respiratory failure. Unfortunately, prolonged MV results the rapid development of diaphragm atrophy and weakness. MV-induced diaphragmatic weakness significant because inspiratory muscle dysfunction risk factor for problematic weaning from MV. Therefore, developing clinical to prevent important. In this regard, occurs due both increased proteolysis decreased protein synthesis. While efforts impede are well-documented, only...

Westerlind, Kim C., James D. Fluckey, Scott E. Gordon, William J. Kraemer, Peter A. Farrell, and Russell T. Turner.Effect of resistance exercise training on cortical cancellous bone in mature male rats. Appl. Physiol. 84(2): 459–464, 1998.—The effect tibial was evaluated rats by using static histomorphometry Northern analysis. Five-month-old Sprague-Dawley were randomly assigned to (Ex; n = 8) or control (Con; 4) groups. Animals operantly conditioned press two levers, facilitating full...

The calf muscles, compared with the thigh, are less responsive to resistance exercise in ambulatory and bed-rested individuals, apparently due muscle-specific differences protein metabolism. We chose evaluate efficacy of using amino acids elevate synthesis soleus, because have been shown a potent anabolic effect vastus lateralis. Mixed muscle soleus lateralis was measured before after infusion mixed 10 individuals (28 +/- 1 yr). Phosphorylation ribosomal p70 S6 kinase (p70S6K; Thr389)...

The purpose of this study was to determine whether 4 days resistance exercise facilitated insulin secretory adaptations at the level pancreatic islets. Eighteen male 400-g Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned two groups. All animals operantly conditioned engage in a protocol that required full extension hindlimbs. Resistance applied via leather-and-Velcro vest which weighted pouches attached. acute (Acute, n = 9) group engaged four sessions (50 reps each) with increased for each...

The primary objective of this investigation was to determine whether 2 H O and phenylalanine (Phe) flooding dose methods yield comparable fractional rates protein synthesis (FSR) in skeletal muscle following a single bout high-intensity resistance exercise (RE). Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned by body mass either 4-h control (CON 4 h; n = 6), (RE 24-h 24 or 6). RE groups operantly conditioned engage high-intensity, “squat-like” RE. All given an intraperitoneal injection 99.9% provided 4.0%...

Metabolic risk factors associated with insulin resistance syndrome may attenuate augmentations in skeletal muscle protein anabolism following contractile activity. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether or not the anabolic response, as defined by an increase cumulative fractional synthesis rates (24-h FSR) exercise (RE), is blunted a well-established rodent model syndrome. Four-month-old lean (Fa/?) and obese (fa/fa) Zucker rats engaged four lower body RE sessions over 8 days,...

Creatine monohydrate (CrM) has been consistently reported to increase muscle creatine content and improve high-intensity exercise capacity. However, a number of different forms have purported be more efficacious than CrM. The purpose this study was determine if buffered (KA) that promote greater retention training adaptations with fewer side effects at lower doses is CrM supplementation in resistance-trained individuals.In double-blind manner, 36 participants (20.2 ± 2 years, 181 7 cm, 82.1...

Background Creatine monohydrate (CrM) and nitrate are popular supplements for improving exercise performance; yet have not been investigated in combination. We performed two studies to determine the safety performance-characteristics of creatine (CrN) supplementation.Methods Study 1 participants (N = 13) ingested 1.5 g CrN (CrN-Low), 3 (CrN-High), 5 CrM or a placebo randomized, crossover study (7d washout) supplement (hepatorenal muscle enzymes, heart rate, blood pressure side effects)...