The blood-brain barrier (BBB) limits therapeutic delivery in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurological disorders. Animal models have demonstrated safe BBB opening reduction β-amyloid plaque with focused ultrasound (FUS). We recently the feasibility, safety, reversibility of FUS induced hippocampus entorhinal cortex 6 participants early AD. now report effect treatment on plaque. Six underwent 18F-Florbetaben PET scan at baseline one week after completion third (60 days interval)....

Abstract Background The choroid plexus functions as the blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier, plays an important role in CSF production and circulation, has gained increased attention light of recent elucidation circulation dysfunction neurodegenerative conditions. However, methods for routinely quantifying volume are suboptimal require technical improvements validation. Here, we propose three deep learning models that can segment from commonly-acquired anatomical MRI data report...

The choroid plexus (ChP) comprises a collection of modified ependymal cells that play an important role in the production brain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and ChP perfusion aberrations have been implicated range cerebrovascular neurodegenerative disorders. To provide exemplar for growing interest activity, we evaluated bulk CSF flow cross-sectionally across healthy adult lifespan. Participants (n = 77; age 21–86 years) were scanned at 3T using T 1 -weighted, 2 -weighted-FLAIR,...

Abstract One of the pathological hallmarks Alzheimer’s and related diseases is increased accumulation protein amyloid-β in brain parenchyma. As such, recent studies have focused on characterizing clearance pathways involving perivascular flow neurofluids, but human these are limited owing to methods for evaluating neurofluid circulation non-invasively vivo. Here, we utilize non-invasive MRI explore surrogate measures CSF production, bulk egress context independent PET older adults....

Abstract Background Parkinson’s disease is characterized by dopamine-responsive symptoms as well aggregation of α-synuclein protofibrils. New diagnostic methods assess characteristics from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and recent pathophysiologic mechanisms suggest that CSF circulation disruptions may precipitate retention. Here, diffusion-weighted MRI with low-to-intermediate diffusion-weightings was applied to test the hypothesis motion reduced in relative healthy participants. Methods...

Central synucleinopathies, including Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and multiple system atrophy (MSA), involve alpha-synuclein accumulation dopaminergic cell loss in the substantia nigra (SN) locus coeruleus (LC). Pure autonomic failure (PAF), a peripheral synucleinopathy, often precedes central synucleinopathies. To assess early brain involvement PAF using neuromelanin-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging (NM-MRI) fluorodopa-positron emission tomography...

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences commonly used in simultaneous electroencephalogram (EEG)-MRI studies include blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) and anatomical T 1 -weighted MRI. Safety electrode heating profiles for these have been well-characterized. However, recent improvements EEG design may allow additional to be performed with similar expectations of safety, which would expand the EEG-MRI infrastructure quantitative physiological studies. We evaluated temperature...

Dysregulated dopamine (DA) release in the mesocorticolimbic circuit is noted Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with impulsive and compulsive behaviors (ICBs). However, effect of acute DA on mood, localization this process, phenotypic differences ICB remain unknown. We applied a placebo-controlled dextro-amphetamine (dAMPH) study 20 PD patients: 10 ICBs (PD-ICB) without (PD-C). Subjective mood experiences were measured well-described self-reported measures including Positive Negative Affect...

RhoB expression is reduced in most invasive tumors, with loss of correlating significantly tumor stage. Here, we demonstrate that upregulation by the potent anticancer agent NSC126188 induces apoptosis NUGC-3 human gastric carcinoma cells. The crucial role NSC126188-induced indicated rescue cells from knockdown RhoB. In presence NSC126188, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling was activated, and JNK inhibitor SP600125 suppressed Knockdowns mitogen-activated protein (MKK) 4/7, JNK1/2...

Abstract Background Peri-sinus structures such as arachnoid granulations (AG) and the parasagittal dural (PSD) space have gained much recent attention sites of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) egress neuroimmune surveillance. Neurofluid circulation dysfunction may manifest morphological changes in these structures, however, automated quantification is not possible rather characterization often requires exogenous contrast agents manual delineation. Methods We propose a deep learning architecture...

Abstract Impulsivity is inherent to behavioral disorders such as substance abuse and binge eating. While the role of dopamine in impulse behavior well established, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) therapies have promise for treatment maladaptive behaviors. In Parkinson disease (PD), dopaminergic can result development impulsive compulsive behaviors, this clinical syndrome shares similar pathophysiology that seen addiction, abuse, binge-eating disorders. We hypothesized PD patients a reduced...

Limbic and motor integration is enabled by a mesial temporal to cortex network. Parkinson disease (PD) characterized loss of dorsal striatal dopamine but relative preservation mesolimbic early in disease, along with changes action control. Here, we studied 47 patients PD using the Simon conflict task [18F]fallypride PET imaging. Additionally, cohort 16 participated single-blinded dextroamphetamine (dAMPH) study. Task performance was evaluated diffusion model for tasks, which allows an...

Impulsive-compulsive behaviours manifest in a substantial proportion of subjects with Parkinson's disease. Reduced ventral striatum dopamine receptor availability, and increased release is noted patients these symptoms. Prior studies impulsivity suggest that midbrain D2 autoreceptors regulate striatal feedback inhibitory manner, healthy populations, greater linked to poor proficiency this inhibition. This has not been assessed disease population. Here, we applied 18F-fallypride PET assess...

Abstract Prolonged inflammatory expression within the central nervous system (CNS) is recognized by brain as a molecular signal of “sickness”, that has knock‐on effects to blood–brain barrier, brain‐spinal blood‐cerebrospinal fluid neuro‐axonal structures, neurotransmitter activity, synaptic plasticity, neuroendocrine function, and resultant systemic symptomatology. It concurred process associated with cancer treatments underline symptoms present in large portion survivors, although this...

Abstract Preliminary evidence from a series of 4 adults with sickle cell disease (SCD) suggests that hematopoietic stem transplant (HSCT) improves cerebral hemodynamics. HSCT largely normalizes hemodynamics in children SCD. We tested the hypothesis SCD blood flow (CBF), oxygen extraction fraction (OEF), and metabolic rate (CMRO2) measured using magnetic resonance imaging, normalized to healthy values, comparing measurements ∼1 month before 12 24 months after (n = 11; age, 33.3 ± 8.9 years;...

The stop-signal task is a well-established assessment of response inhibition, and in humans, proficiency linked to dorsal striatum D 2 receptor availability. Parkinson's disease (PD) characterized by changes efficiency inhibition. Here, we studied 17 PD patients (6 female 11 male) using the paradigm single-blinded d -amphetamine (dAMPH) study. Participants completed [ 18 F]fallypride positron emission topography (PET) imaging both placebo dAMPH conditions. A voxel-wise analysis relationship...

Objective Investigations of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow aberrations in Huntington's disease (HD) are growing interest, as impaired CSF may contribute to mutant Huntington retention and observed heterogeneous responsiveness intrathecally administered therapies. Method We assessed net cerebral aqueduct velocity 29 HD participants (17 premanifest 12 manifest) 51 age‐ sex matched non‐HD control using 3‐Tesla magnetic resonance imaging methods. Regression models were applied test hypotheses...

<title>Abstract</title> <italic>Background</italic>: The choroid plexus functions as the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier, plays an important role in neurofluid production and circulation, has gained increased attention light of recent elucidation circulation dysfunction neurodegenerative conditions. However, methods for routinely quantifying volume are suboptimal require technical improvements validation. Here, we propose three deep learning models that can segment from commonly-acquired...

Impulsivity is a behavioral trait that elevated in many neuropsychiatric disorders. Parkinson's disease (PD) patients can exhibit specific pattern of reward-seeking impulsive-compulsive behaviors (ICBs), as well more subtle changes to generalized impulsivity. Prior studies healthy controls (HCs) suggest impulsivity regulated by D 2/3 autoreceptors mesocorticolimbic circuits. While altered binding noted ICB + PD patients, there limited prior assessment the impulsivity–D relationship PD, and...

<title>Abstract</title> <bold>BACKGROUND:</bold> Parkinson’s disease is characterized by dopamine-responsive symptoms as well aggregation and accumulation of a-synuclein protofibrils. New diagnostic methods assess characteristics from cerebrospinal fluid recent pathophysiologic mechanisms suggest that circulation disruptions may precipitate retention. Here, we<bold> </bold>test the hypothesis motion at level suprasellar cistern reduced in relative to healthy participants this reduction...

The overarching goal of this work is to develop and validate novel deep learning algorithms for segmenting the peri-sinus space, including parasagittal dural (PSD) which has been hypothesized harbor cerebral lymphatic channels, intra-veinous arachnoid granulations, long-hypothesized as a site CSF egress, from standard non-contrast anatomical imaging. new segmentation method based on cascaded neural networks using non-contrasted 3D T2-weighted MRI; in mixed cohort adults with without...

We investigated the relationship between subregions of substantia nigra and behavioral disinhibition in patients with Parkinson disease using neuromelanin MRI. found a significant positive MRI contrast ratio bi-lateral clusters localized medial nigra. These findings suggest that can be used to assess localization changes inform how dopamine pathophysiology relates symptoms disease.

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is the most common genetic blood disorder, characterized by red hemolysis, anemia, and corresponding increased compensatory cerebral flow (CBF). SCD patients are at high risk for infarcts CBF quantification likely critical to assess infarct risk. Infarcts primarily localize white matter (WM), yet arterial spin labeling (ASL) MRI, non-invasive approach, has poor WM sensitivity owing low long bolus arrival time (BAT). We hypothesize that associated hyperemia, in leads...