Inhibitory interneurons in the neocortex often connect a promiscuous and extensive fashion, extending "blanket of inhibition" on circuit. This raises problem how can excitatory activity propagate midst this widespread inhibition. One solution to could be vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) interneurons, which disinhibit other interneurons. To explore VIP affect local circuits, we use two-photon optogenetics activate them individually mouse visual cortex vivo while measuring their output with...

Abstract Alzheimer's disease ( AD ) is an age‐related neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory impairments. Brain oscillatory activity critical for cognitive function and altered in patients. Recent evidence suggests that accumulation of soluble amyloid‐beta A β) induces reorganization hippocampal networks. However, whether fine changes network might be present at very early stages, before β overproduction, remains to determined. We therefore assessed theta gamma oscillations their...

The claustrum is a small subcortical nucleus that has extensive excitatory connections with many cortical areas. While the anatomical connectivity from to cortex been studied intensively, physiological effect and underlying circuit mechanisms of claustrocortical communication remain elusive. Here we show provides strong, widespread, long-lasting feedforward inhibition prefrontal (PFC) sufficient silence ongoing neural activity. This was predominantly mediated by interneurons containing...

Although the functional properties of individual neurons in primary visual cortex have been studied intensely, little is known about how neuronal groups could encode changing stimuli using temporal activity patterns. To explore this, we used <i>in vivo</i> two-photon calcium imaging to record populations awake mice presence and absence stimulation. Multidimensional analysis network allowed us identify ensembles defined as cells firing synchrony. These synchronous were themselves activated...

GABAergic interneurons are positioned to powerfully influence the dynamics of neural activity, yet interneuron-mediated circuit mechanisms that control spontaneous and evoked neocortical activity remains elusive. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP+) a specialized cell class which synapse specifically on other interneurons, potentially serving facilitate increases in cortical activity. In this study, using vivo Ca 2+ imaging, we describe interaction between local network VIP+ cells determine...

Gamma rhythms are essential for memory encoding and retrieval. Despite extensive study of these in the entorhinal cortex, dentate gyrus, CA3, CA1, almost nothing is known regarding their generation organization structure delivering most prominent hippocampal output: subiculum. Here we show using a complete rat preparation vitro that subiculum intrinsically independently generates spontaneous slow (25–50 Hz) fast (100–150 gamma during rising phase peak persistent subicular theta rhythms....

We introduce a scanless optical method to image neuronal activity in three dimensions simultaneously. Using spatial light modulator and custom-designed phase mask, we illuminate collect simultaneously from different focal planes perform calcium imaging of vitro vivo. This method, combining structured illumination with volume projection imaging, could be used as technological platform for brain mapping.

Abstract The anatomical organization of the rodent claustrum remains obscure due to lack clear borders that distinguish it from neighboring forebrain structures. Defining what constitutes is imperative for elucidating its functions. Methods based on gene/protein expression or transgenic mice have been used spatially outline but often report incomplete labeling and/or specificity during certain neurodevelopmental timepoints. To reliably identify projection cells in mice, we propose a simple...

Spatial reference memory in rodents represents a unique opportunity to study brain mechanisms responsible for encoding, storage and retrieval of memory. Even though its reliance on hippocampal networks has long been established, the precise computations performed by different subfields during spatial learning are still not clear. To evolution electrophysiological activity CA1-dentate gyrus axis dorsal hippocampus over an iterative paradigm, we recorded local field potentials behaving mice...

Neuronal tuning, defined by the degree of selectivity to a specific stimulus, is hallmark cortical computation. Understanding role GABAergic interneurons in shaping tuning now possible with ability manipulate interneuron classes selectively. Here, we show that expressing vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP + ) regulate spatial frequency (SF) pyramidal neurons mouse visual cortex. Using two-photon calcium imaging and optogenetic manipulations VIP cell activity, found activating cells...

The claustrum is densely connected to the cortex and participates in brain functions such as attention sleep. Although some studies have reported widely divergent organization of projections, others describe parallel claustrocortical connections different cortical regions. Therefore, details underlying how neurons broadcast information networks remain incompletely understood. Using multicolor retrograde tracing we determined density, topography, co-projection pattern 14 pathways, mice. We...

The claustrum is a functionally and structurally complex brain region, whose very spatial extent remains debated. Histochemical-based approaches typically treat the as relatively narrow anatomical region that primarily projects to neocortex, whereas circuit-based can suggest broader containing projections neocortex other regions. Here, in mouse, we took bottom-up cell-type-specific approach complement possibly unite these seemingly disparate conclusions. Using single-cell RNA-sequencing,...

Neural activity in the claustrum has been associated with a range of vigilance states, yet patterns and efficacy synaptic communication identified neurons have not thoroughly determined. Here, we show that projecting to retrosplenial cortex are most active during synchronized cortical states such as non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep suppressed increased desynchronization arousal, movement, REM sleep. The claustrocortical signaling is NREM diminished due part cholinergic tone. Finally,...

The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is critical for the perception and unpleasantness of pain.1Bliss T.V. Collingridge G.L. Kaang B.K. Zhuo M. Synaptic plasticity in acute chronic pain.Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2016; 17: 485-496https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn.2016.68Crossref PubMed Scopus (460) Google Scholar,2Tan L.L. Pelzer P. Heinl C. Tang W. Gangadharan V. Flor H. Sprengel R. Kuner T. A pathway from midcingulate to posterior insula gates nociceptive hypersensitivity.Nat. 2017; 20:...

Abstract In the current study, rats implanted with hippocampal recording electrodes were trained to avoid shock in a jump avoidance task, using three separate heights, 28, 33, and 38 cm. The objectives measure progression of Type 2 (immobility‐related) theta amplitude frequency recorded during avoidances at each levels, determine if there was consistent relationship between phase 1 (movement related) wave moment movement initiation heights. results demonstrated that immobility period prior...

Abstract The brainstem raphe nuclei are typically assigned a role in serotonergic brain function. However, numerous studies have reported that large proportion of projection cells nonserotonergic. identity these is unknown. Recent the vesicular glutamate transporter VGLUT3 found both and nonserotonergic neurons median (MR) dorsal (DR) nuclei. We injected retrograde tracer cholera toxin subunit B into either hippocampus or medial septum (MS) used triple labeled immunofluorescence to determine...

Abstract Microinfusion of N ‐methyl‐ D ‐aspartate (NMDA) into apical dendrites hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells urethane‐anesthetized rats resulted in long lasting (20–30 min) induction synchrony at the field and cellular level. Power but not frequency NMDA‐induced theta was significantly greater than tail pinch‐induced activity. This effect antagonized by intrahippocampal infusion AP5, unaffected i.v. atropine sulfate. During AP5 blockade pinch power were reduced. NMDA medial septum also...

Evidence has accumulated suggesting that the median raphe (MR) mediates hippocampal theta desynchronization. However, few studies have evaluated theta-related neural circuitry during MR manipulation. In urethane-anesthetized rats, we investigated effects of stimulation on field and cell activity using high-frequency (100 Hz), burst (TBS), slow-frequency electrical (0.5 Hz). We demonstrated did not elicit deactivated patterns in forebrain, but rather elicited low-voltage neocortex...