Extracellular vesicles (EV) in breast milk carry immune relevant proteins and could play an important role the instruction of neonatal system. To further analyze these EV to elucidate their function it is that native populations can be recovered from (stored) samples a reproducible fashion. However, impact isolation storage procedures on recovery has remained underexposed. Here, we aimed define parameters for fresh stored milk. compare various protocols across different donors, was spiked...

Abstract Background A major challenge for lipidomic analyses is the handling of large amounts data and translation results to interpret involvement lipids in biological systems. Results We built a new lipid ontology (LION) that associates >50,000 species biophysical, chemical, cell features. By making use enrichment algorithms, we used LION develop web-based interface (LION/web, www.lipidontology.com) allows identification lipid-associated terms lipidomes. LION/web was validated by...

Abstract Tendon injuries are notorious for their slow and functionally inferior healing. Intratendinous application of platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) has been reported to stimulate the repair process tendon injuries, but there is little conclusive evidence its effectiveness. A placebo‐controlled experimental trial was performed test hypothesis that a single intratendinous PRP treatment enhances quality repair, as evidenced by improved biochemical, biomechanical, histological tissue properties....

Mammalian articular cartilage serves diverse functions, including shock absorption, force transmission and enabling low-friction joint motion. These challenging requirements are met by the tissue's thickness combined with its highly specific extracellular matrix, consisting of a glycosaminoglycan-interspersed collagen fiber network that provides unique combination resilience high compressive shear resistance. It is unknown how this critical tissue deals challenges posed increases in body...

Metabolic conditions characterized by elevated free fatty acid concentrations in blood and follicular fluid are often associated with impaired female fertility. Especially saturated levels can be lipotoxic for several somatic cell types. The aim of this study was to determine the impact on neutral lipids (fatty acids stored lipid droplets) inside cumulus cells oocytes their developmental competence. To end, cows were exposed a short-term fasting period during final oocyte maturation. This...

Inflammation is an important feature of many joint diseases, and levels cartilage biomarkers measured in synovial fluid may be influenced by local inflammatory status. Little known about the magnitude time course inflammation-induced changes tissue turnover as vivo markers. We aimed to study temporal concentrations mediators, matrix metalloproteinase activity over 1 week joints with experimentally induced inflammation.Localized inflammation was intercarpal six horses sterile injection 0.5 ng...

Summary Reasons for performing study : Meloxicam is a commonly used nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug in equine practice, but little known about its vivo effects on joint inflammation and cartilage turnover. Objectives To the of meloxicam biomarkers inflammation, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity, joints with experimental synovitis. Methods In 2‐period cross‐over study, synovitis was induced at T = 0 h L or R intercarpal 6 horses by intraarticular injection 0.5 ng lipopolysaccharide...

Mobilization of fatty acids from adipose tissue during metabolic stress increases the amount free in blood and follicular fluid is associated with impaired female fertility. In a previous report, we described effects three predominant (saturated palmitate stearate unsaturated oleate) on oocyte maturation quality. current study, elevated acid levels cumulus cells were investigated. dose-dependent manner, induced lipid storage accompanied by an enhanced immune labeling perilipin-2, marker for...

Many cell types release nanosized vesicles derived from endosomal compartments (exosomes) or the plasma membrane. Vesicles actively released by CD4(+) T cells have immune-modulatory characteristics. Using our recently developed high-resolution flow cytometry-based method for analysis of individual vesicles, we here investigated how receptor (TCR)-triggering and co-stimulatory signals influence quantity characteristics cells. We found that number within buoyant density range characteristic...

Abstract Mast cells (MC) are well known for their effector role in allergic disorders; moreover, they associated with diverse modulatory effects innate and adaptive immunity. It is largely unclear how MC exert these modulating functions. In this article, we show that IgE-mediated degranulation leads to a rapid release of high quantities extracellular vesicles (EV), comparable the preformed mediators. EV submicron structures composed lipid bilayers, proteins, nucleic acids released by...

Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) is frequently used in equine practice, but little known about its biological action.To study the effects of ESWT on matrix structure and gene expression levels normal, physiologically loaded tendinous structures ponies.Six Shetland ponies, free lameness with ultrasonographically normal flexor extensor tendons suspensory ligaments (SL), were used. was applied at origin ligament mid-metacarpal region superficial digital tendon (SDFT) 6 weeks prior to...

The importance of osteoarthritis (OA) in the horse and difficulty its early diagnosis have led to a search for potential biomarkers joint disease. If levels such markers are be interpreted accurately, clinicians researchers need know whether they influenced by environmental factors and/or interventions as exercise repeated arthrocentesis.To investigate influence arthrocentesis on nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) glycosaminoglycan (GAG) concentrations synovial fluid (SF) from normal...

Summary Reasons for performing study : Extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) has recently been introduced as a new tendon injuries in horses, but little is known about the basic mechanism of action this therapy. Objectives To effect ESWT on biochemical parameters and tenocyte metabolism normal tendinous structures ponies. Methods Six Shetland ponies, free lameness with ultrasonographically flexor extensor tendons suspensory ligaments (SL), were used. was applied at origin ligament...

This study demonstrates for the first time that porcine and mouse sperm incubated in capacitation media supplemented with bicarbonate produce oxysterols. The production is dependent on a reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling pathway activated by can be inhibited or blocked addition of vitamin E A induced absence pro-oxidants. oxysterol formation was required to initiate albumin depletion 30% total free sterol >50% formed Incubation treated oxysterol-binding proteins (ORP-1 ORP-2) caused...

We report on the presence and formation of cholesterol oxidation products (oxysterols) in bovine sperm. Although is most abundant molecule membrane mammalian cells easily oxidized, this first sperm membranes as investigated by state-of-the-art liquid chromatographic mass spectrometric methods. First, oxysterols are already present fresh semen samples, showing that lipid peroxidation part normal physiology. After separation (by high-performance chromatography), detected oxysterol species were...

Polymer engineering, such as in three-dimensional (3D) printing, is rapidly gaining popularity, not only the scientific and medical fields but also community general. However, little known about toxicity of engineered materials. Therefore, we assessed 3D-printed molded parts from five different polymers commonly used for prototyping, fabrication organ-on-a-chip platforms, devices. Toxic effects PIC100, E-Shell200, E-Shell300, polydimethylsiloxane, polystyrene (PS) on early bovine embryo...

Host defense peptides (HDPs) are part of the innate immune system and constitute a first line against invading pathogens. They possess antimicrobial activity broad spectrum However, pathogens have been known to adapt hostile environments. Therefore, bacterial response treatment with HDPs was investigated. Previous observations suggested that sublethal concentrations increase release outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) in Escherichia coli. First, effects CATH-2, PMAP-36, LL-37 on OMV several...

Abstract The possibility that differences in hormonal regimes between the two oviducts cow around ovulation affects secretory activity of oviduct epithelial cells and/or sperm–oviduct binding was studied. Oviducts were collected immediately after slaughter at 6 hr before to 5 timed 14 normally cyclic cows had been inseminated (n = 6) or not 8) and material obtained from same processed three ways. First, vivo, artificial insemination cows, low numbers sperm (approx. 15 per oviduct) found...

Summary The aim of this randomized, double‐blinded, placebo–controlled, cross‐over designed study was to demonstrate the clinical effect, registered by a survey, 10‐week period omega‐3 fatty acid supplementation diet (1.53 g eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and 0.31 DHA, both per 1000 kcal ME, equivalent complete diet) 16 cats with radiologically documented, naturally occurring osteoarthritis (OA), in comparison corn oil (0.00 EPA 0.00 ME). Cats on fish revealed higher activity level (p = 0.07), more...

Free fatty acids (FAs) may influence cartilage metabolism and osteoarthritis (OA) disease progression. It is not clearly studied which FAs are present in the synovial fluid of knee joints whether there differences FA content between nonsymptomatic OA joints. The aim this study was to investigate presence different types both OA- control joints, analyze groups.A total 23 samples were collected from patients with end-stage undergoing replacement, approval medical ethical committee. As...