A5041053476- Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
- Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
- Alcoholism and Thiamine Deficiency
- Diet and metabolism studies
- Mental Health Research Topics
- COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
- Homelessness and Social Issues
- Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism
- Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies
- Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Eicosanoids and Hypertension Pharmacology
- Prenatal Substance Exposure Effects
- Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques
- Pharmacology and Obesity Treatment
- Sleep and related disorders
- Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
2016-2025
National Institutes of Health
2015-2024
University of Michigan
2021
Office of the Director
2021
World Health Organization
2018
Centre for Addiction and Mental Health
2015-2018
Auckland University of Technology
2018
Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center
2018
University of Louisville
2015-2017
Brown University
2017
People typically drink alcohol to induce euphoria or reduce anxiety, and they frequently in social settings, yet the effect of on human brain circuits involved reward emotion has been explored only sparingly. We administered intravenously drinkers while response visual threatening nonthreatening facial stimuli was measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Alcohol robustly activated striatal attenuating fearful limbic regions. Self-ratings intoxication correlated with...
Background Childhood trauma has been linked with a number of negative outcomes later in life, including alcohol dependence ( AD ). Previous studies have suggested mediating role for neuroticism the relationship between childhood and psychopathology. In this study, we investigate prevalence multiple types treatment‐seeking alcohol‐dependent patients, associations severity using mediation analysis. Methods The 5 trauma—emotional abuse, sexual physical emotional neglect, neglect—was assessed...
Although several risk factors have been identified for alcohol use disorder, many individuals with these do not go on to develop the disorder. Identifying early phenotypic differences between vulnerable and healthy control subjects could help identify those at higher risk. Binge drinking, defined as reaching a blood level of 80 mg%, carries negative legal health outcomes may be an marker vulnerability. Using carefully controlled experimental paradigm, authors tested hypothesis that including...
Objective: The authors evaluated whether three neurofunctional domains proposed to be critical in the addiction cycle, namely, incentive salience, negative emotionality, and executive function, could identified through factor analysis of a deeply phenotyped clinical sample. Methods: Clinical, behavioral, self-report measures addiction, personality, cognition, behavior, exposure early-life stress were collected as part screening natural history study alcohol use disorders 454 individuals...
Abstract The hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) regulates appetite and food intake. GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) activation also attenuates the reinforcing properties of alcohol in rodents. present translational study is based on four human genetic association studies one preclinical providing data that support hypothesis GLP-1R may have a role pathophysiology use disorder (AUD). Case–control analysis ( N =908) was performed sample individuals enrolled National Institute Alcohol Abuse...
Background A common single nucleotide polymorphism (C385A) in the human fatty acid amide hydrolase ( FAAH ) gene has been associated with decreased distress responses healthy volunteers, but its role psychiatric disorders remains unknown. Here, we obtained genotypes and carried out a secondary analysis of subjects from trial comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder PTSD alcohol dependence AD ). We evaluated effects C385A variation on behavioral biochemical biomarkers responses. Methods...
Alcohol clamping is a technique that maintains constant breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) for prolonged intervals, thereby reducing experimental variance in the time course of organ exposure to alcohol, when compared with oral administration paradigms. The employs an intravenous (iv) infusion ethanol solution at rate intermittently adjusted based on real‐time BrAC measurements. In earlier studies, clamped state was induced loading dose, vagaries gastric emptying and absorption were...
A bstract : Background: Genetic variation in the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) enzyme is associated with an aversion to and a lower risk of alcoholism among Asians. There growing evidence functional role ADH2*2 allele alcohol‐drinking patterns Jews, who have traditionally exhibited low rates alcohol‐related problems. The mechanism by which this allelic effect mediated not yet clearly understood. This study examined on alcohol‐elimination (AER) under experimental conditions. Methods: Young...
This manuscript represents the proceedings of a symposium at 2000 RSA Meeting in Denver, Colorado. The organizer/chair was Ting‐Kai Li. presentations were: (1) Introduction to Symposium, by Li; (2) ALDH2 polymorphism and alcohol metabolism, Shih‐Jiun Yin; (3) promoter David W. Crabb; (4) Use BrAC clamping estimate elimination rates: Application studies influence genetic environmental determinants, Sean O'Connor; (5) Effect food composition on rates as determined clamping, Vijay A. Ramchandani.
Background: Alcoholism is characterized by deficits in emotional functioning as well cognitive functioning. However, most brain imaging research on alcoholism has focused cognition rather than emotion. Method: We used an event‐related functional magnetic approach to examine alcoholics’ blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) response evaluation of stimuli and compare their that nonalcoholic controls. The task was a simplified variant facial emotion‐decoding which subjects determined the...
Background This study examined the prevalence of single‐ and multiple‐type childhood trauma exposure ( CTE ) among alcoholic patients undergoing inpatient detoxification treatment. The relationships between various types lifetime psychiatric comorbidities suicide attempts were also explored. Methods A total 196 inpatients assessed by Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐IV Axis I Disorders C hildhood T rauma Q uestionnaire CTQ history. Results overall in entire sample was high (55.1%)....
Background Both the amount and rate of absorption ethanol ( EtOH ) from alcoholic beverages are key determinants peak blood alcohol concentration BAC exposure organs other than gut liver. Previous studies suggest is absorbed more rapidly in fasting postprandial state. The type beverage may determine gastric emptying/absorption . Methods pharmacokinetics were measured 15 healthy men after consumption 0.5 g /kg body weight. During this 3‐session crossover study, subjects consumed separate...
This article represents the proceedings of a symposium at 2000 ISBRA Meeting in Yokohama, Japan. The chairs were Nobuhiro Sato and Kai O. Lindros. presentations (1) Sex differences ethanol pharmacokinetics, by E. Baraona; (2) Estrogen regulates sensitivity to endotoxin hepatic Kupffer cells, K. Ikejima; (3) difference alcohol‐related organ injury, Mezey; (4) Aggravated ethanol‐induced liver injury female rats: Protection antiestrogen toremifene, Harri A. Järveläinen; (5) Alcohol metabolism...
Several studies have evaluated the effect of food on alcohol pharmacokinetics; however, most used oral administration, which cannot separate influence absorption from its elimination. Alcohol clamping uses intravenous and provides a direct measure elimination rate (AER). Two studies, using at 50 mg%, were conducted to investigate composition AER (g/h) in healthymenand women. In first study, 20 subjects underwent two sessions, one after 12‐hour fast another 1 hour consuming 530‐calorie...