Abstract Stereotactic radiosurgery ( SRS ) is a procedure that delivers single large radiation dose to well‐defined target. Here, we describe frameless technique suitable for intracranial targets in canines. Medical records of dogs diagnosed with primary tumour by imaging or histopathology underwent were retrospectively reviewed. Frameless was used successfully treat tumours 51 variety head sizes and shapes. Tumours included 38 meningiomas, 4 pituitary tumours, trigeminal nerve 3 gliomas, 1...

Background Acute intervertebral disk herniation ( IVDH ) is a common cause of spinal cord injury in dogs and currently there no proven medical treatment to counter secondary effects. Use methylprednisolone sodium succinate MPSS or polyethylene glycol PEG as neuroprotectants advocated but controversial because neither has been tested placebo‐controlled, randomized, blinded trials dogs. Hypothesis Polyethylene will improve the outcome severe caused by compared placebo. Animals Client‐owned...

Background There is little evidence‐based information available to guide treatment of refractory epilepsy in dogs. The antiepileptic drug levetiracetam (LEV) administered dogs, although its safety and efficacy are unknown. Objective To evaluate the LEV as adjunctive therapy for Animals Thirty‐four client‐owned dogs with idiopathic epilepsy. Methods Randomized, blinded trial involving resistant phenobarbital bromide. Dogs received (20 mg/kg PO q8h) or placebo 16 weeks, after a 4‐week washout...

Reports of histiocytic sarcoma (HS) involving the central nervous system (CNS) are sparse and consist mainly case reports describing 1-3 animals.The objective this study was to report signalments, clinical signs, clinicopathologic diagnostic imaging findings, treatment, outcome a series dogs with HS CNS involvement.Nineteen examined at veterinary referral hospitals.Retrospective series. Medical records were reviewed cases histopathological diagnosis included in study. Diagnostic studies...

Background Experimental evidence shows benefit of rehabilitation after spinal cord injury (SCI) but there are limited objective data on the effect recovery dogs surgery for acute thoracolumbar intervertebral disc herniations (TL‐IVDH). Objective Compare basic and intensive post‐operative programs locomotion in with TL‐IVDH a randomized, blinded, prospective clinical trial. Animals Thirty non‐ambulatory paraparetic or paraplegic (with pain perception) decompressive TL‐IVDH. Methods Blinded,...

Background Progressive myelomalacia ( PMM ) is a catastrophic disease associated with acute intervertebral disc extrusion IVDE ). Published data on the clinical characteristics of this are limited. Objective To describe onset and progression signs in large case cohort. Animals Fifty‐one dogs , 18 histopathologically confirmed 33 presumptively diagnosed based diagnostic imaging. Methods Retrospective study. Dogs either histopathologic diagnosis or high suspicion were identified by medical...

Spinal cord injury (SCI) attributed to acute intervertebral disc extrusions (IVDEs) is common in dogs and treated by surgical decompression. Dogs with sensorimotor complete injuries have an incomplete recovery. Pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) reduce post-operative pain through anti-inflammatory effects there growing evidence for neuroprotective effects. This randomized, controlled clinical trial evaluated the effect of PEMF on neurological recovery surgically SCI IVDE. Sixteen...

Abstract Background Steroid‐responsive meningitis‐arteritis (SRMA) is a common inflammatory neurologic disorder of dogs for which certain breeds are predisposed. Objectives To determine whether breed differences exist in clinical features, treatment response, and relapse population North American with SRMA, to evaluate the effect disease on dogs' quality life (QoL). Animals Sixty‐one client‐owned SRMA: 29 identified through an Kennel Club‐Canine Health Foundation survey 32 from Carolina (NC)...

Background A noninvasive biomarker is needed to predict recovery from severe spinal cord injury (SCI) because of thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusion (TL‐IVDE). Proteins released neural and glial cells can be detected in the blood show promise as prognostic tools, but their concentration influenced by time after injury. Hypothesis/Objectives Serum concentrations fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), phosphorylated neurofilament heavy chain (pNFH), S100β will follow different courses;...

Abstract Background Intervertebral disc herniation (IVDH) is the most common spinal cord disease in dogs. Little information available regarding clinical presentation of nerve root signature (NRS) associated with cervical IVDH. Hypothesis/Objective To detail and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings dogs NRS Animals Forty‐seven client‐owned presenting thoracic limb MRI confirmed Methods Medical records from 2010 to 2020 were retrospectively reviewed for that met inclusion criteria....

Necrotizing meningoencephalitis (NME) affects toy and small breed dogs causing progressive, often fatal, inflammation necrosis in the brain. Genetic risk loci for NME previously were identified pug dogs, particularly associated with dog leukocyte antigen (DLA) class II complex on chromosome 12, but have not been investigated other susceptible breeds. We sought to evaluate Maltese Chihuahua addition identify novel or shared genetic factors development. Genome-wide association testing of...

To determine clinical signs, results of diagnostic testing, underlying cause, and outcome in cats with seizures.Retrospective study.17 seizures.Only those which an metabolic abnormality causing the seizures had been identified, imaging brain CSF analysis done, or a necropsy performed were included. Seizures classified as being result disease, symptomatic epilepsy (ie, resulting from structural lesion brain), probably without any extracranial identifiable intracranial disease that is not...

The thymidine analog bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) is incorporated into newly synthesized DNA and has been shown to increase the susceptibility of incorporating cells ionizing radiation. However, in absence secondary stressors, BrdU thought substitute relatively benignly for commonly used "birth-date" proliferative cells. We report a novel antiproliferative effect on cancer cells, which independent its role radiosensitization. A single, brief vitro exposure induces profound sustained reduction...

Musulin, S. E., Mariani, C. L., Papich, M. G. Diazepam pharmacokinetics after nasal drop and atomized administration in dogs. J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap. 34 , 17–24. The standard of care for emergency therapy seizures veterinary patients is intravenous (i.v.) benzodiazepines, although rectal diazepam often recommended out‐of‐hospital situations, or when i.v. access has not been established. However, both these routes have potential limitations. This study investigated the following i.v.,...

Abstract Objective To assess the accuracy of three‐dimensionally (3‐D) printed drill guides in constraining trajectory tracts for implants canine thoracic vertebrae. Study design Experimental ex vivo study. Sample population Five vertebral column specimens. Methods Guides to constrain trajectories were designed on basis computed tomographic (CT) imaging six vertebrae (T8‐T13) and 3‐D printed. The used create these by both an experienced a novice surgeon, CT was repeated. entry point...

Abstract Objective To evaluate the safety and accuracy of a unilateral three‐dimensionally printed animal‐specific drill guide (3DASDG) design for stabilization in thoracolumbar vertebral column dogs compared to bilateral design. Study Cadaveric study. Sample population Fifty‐two corridors one canine cadaver. Methods Two 3DASDG designs with 2 drilling tubes each were created from T8 L7 vertebrae. drilled on right left sides by using designs, respectively. Planned postoperative trajectories...

Evasion of the immune response is an integral part pathogenesis glioma. In humans, important mechanisms evasion include recruitment regulatory T cells (Tregs) and polarization macrophages toward M2 phenotype. Canine glioma has a robust cell infiltrate that not been extensively characterized. The purpose this study was to determine distribution infiltrating spontaneous intracranial canine gliomas. Seventy-three formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor samples were evaluated using...

Dogs are becoming an important model for human cancers, and successfully troubleshooting issues with genetically modified T cell immunotherapy round solid neoplasms in dogs provides a unique opportunity to improve efficacy, safety, affordability humans as well. Unfortunately, activation optimal viral transduction has not been determined, restricting advancements canine immunotherapy. Two αCD3 two αCD28 antibody clones stimulation have described the literature, but no studies undertaken...

Presumed autoimmune diseases affecting the central nervous system (CNS) of dogs are common. In people, antibodies against neuronal cell surface antigens that associated with a wide variety neurological syndromes have been identified. The presence cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) autoantibodies target proteins has not reported in neurologic disorders.

Quantification of brain herniation on MRI and its immediate clinical implications are poorly described.Define the normal position caudal fossa structures MRIs in dogs cats utilizing morphometry, compare this to with transtentorial (CTH), foramen magnum (FMH) or both identified MRI, investigate associations between severity, signs, 24-hour outcome.Ninety-two controls (66 dogs, 26 cats), 119 cases (88 31 cats).Retrospective case series. The database was searched for anatomy herniation....

Objective To determine whether changes in the cutaneous trunci muscle ( CTM ) reflex are an early predictor of outcome dogs with severe acute thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusion IVDE ). Study Design Multicenter prospective cohort study. Animals Dogs n = 36) causing paraplegia, loss nociception pelvic limbs and tail, abnormal postoperatively. Methods The caudal border was established 24 hours after surgery at discharge, reported as moving cranially, caudally, or staying static. were...

Background Dogs with spinal cord injury are at increased risk of developing bacteriuria due to residual urine volume. Cranberry extract inhibits binding E. coli uroepithelial cells, potentially reducing bacteriuria. Hypothesis reduces in dogs after acute TL ‐ IVDH . Animals Client‐owned onset causing nonambulatory status. Methods Randomized, placebo‐controlled, blinded, prospective clinical trial. were recruited 48 hours postoperatively and randomized receive cranberry or placebo a masked...