Matthew B. Laurens
A5018146103- Malaria Research and Control
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology
- HIV Research and Treatment
- Complement system in diseases
- Parasites and Host Interactions
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Vibrio bacteria research studies
- Emergency and Acute Care Studies
- Computational Drug Discovery Methods
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Immune Response and Inflammation
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Virology and Viral Diseases
- Healthcare Policy and Management
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Child and Adolescent Health
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Bacterial Infections and Vaccines
- Hepatitis C virus research
University of Maryland, Baltimore
2016-2025
University of Baltimore
2023
National Institute of Malaria Research
2017
Albert Einstein College of Medicine
2016
University of Missouri–Kansas City
2016
Vanderbilt University
2016
Howard Hughes Medical Institute
2010-2016
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
2016
Tulane University
2004-2016
Duke Medical Center
2016
Consistent, high-level, vaccine-induced protection against human malaria has only been achieved by inoculation of Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) sporozoites (SPZ) mosquito bites. We report that the PfSPZ Vaccine--composed attenuated, aseptic, purified, cryopreserved PfSPZ--was safe and well tolerated when administered four to six times intravenously (IV) 40 adults. Zero subjects receiving five doses three nine 1.35 × 10(5) Vaccine nonvaccinated controls developed after controlled infection (P =...
Our goal is to develop a vaccine that sustainably prevents Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) malaria in ≥80% of recipients. Pf sporozoites (PfSPZ) administered by mosquito bites are the only immunogens shown induce such protection humans. Such thought be mediated CD8(+) T cells liver secrete interferon-γ (IFN-γ). We report purified irradiated PfSPZ 80 volunteers needle inoculation skin was safe, but suboptimally immunogenic and protective. Animal studies demonstrated intravenous immunization...
Malaria is an illness caused by Plasmodium parasites transmitted to humans infected mosquitoes. Of the five species that infect humans, P. falciparum exacts highest toll in terms of human morbidity and mortality, therefore represents a major public health threat endemic areas. Recent advances control efforts have reduced malaria incidence prevalence, including rapid diagnostic testing, highly effective artemisinin combination therapy, use insecticide-treated bednets, indoor residual...
Blood-stage malaria vaccines are intended to prevent clinical disease. The vaccine FMP2.1/AS02(A), a recombinant protein based on apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1) from the 3D7 strain of Plasmodium falciparum, has previously been shown have immunogenicity and acceptable safety in Malian adults children.In double-blind, randomized trial, we immunized 400 children with either or control (rabies) followed them for 6 months. primary end point was malaria, defined as fever at least 2500 parasites...
Significance A highly effective malaria vaccine capable of long-term protection against genetically diverse strains is urgently needed. Here, we demonstrate that a three-dose regimen live attenuated whole-parasite conferred durable sterile through 33 weeks in ∼50% subjects controlled human infection strain heterologous to the strain. Prior studies by others and us have shown T cells are critical mediating after live-attenuated vaccination. provide evidence this Plasmodium falciparum...
Typhoid fever caused by multidrug-resistant H58 Salmonella Typhi is an increasing public health threat in sub-Saharan Africa.We conducted a phase 3, double-blind trial Blantyre, Malawi, to assess the efficacy of Vi polysaccharide typhoid conjugate vaccine (Vi-TCV). We randomly assigned children who were between 9 months and 12 years age, 1:1 ratio, receive single dose Vi-TCV or meningococcal capsular group A (MenA) vaccine. The primary outcome was confirmed blood culture. report safety...
BackgroundRandomised controlled trials of typhoid conjugate vaccines among children in Africa and Asia have shown high short-term efficacy. Data on the durability protection beyond 2 years are sparse. We present final analysis a randomised trial Malawi, encompassing more than 4 follow-up, with aim investigating vaccine efficacy over time by age group.MethodsIn this phase 3, double-blind, Blantyre, healthy aged 9 months to 12 were randomly assigned (1:1) an unmasked statistician receive...
Methods In an observer blind, phase 2 trial, 55 adults were randomized to receive one dose of Ad35.CS.01 vaccine followed by two doses RTS,S/AS01 (ARR-group) or three (RRR-group) at months 0, 1, controlled human malaria infection. Results ARR and RRR regimens well tolerated. Efficacy groups after infection was 44% (95% confidence interval 21%-60%) 52% (25%-70%), respectively. The RRR-group had greater anti-CS specific IgG titers than did the ARR-group. There higher numbers CS-specific CD4...
The disappointing efficacy of blood-stage malaria vaccines may be explained in part by allele-specific immune responses that are directed against polymorphic epitopes on antigens. FMP2.1/AS02A, a candidate vaccine based apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1) from the 3D7 strain Plasmodium falciparum, had clinical phase II trial Malian children. We assessed cross-protective and inferred which amino acid positions AMA1 were targets protective responses. FMP2.1/AS02A highest alleles identical to...
Plasmodium vivax was thought to infect only the erythrocytes of Duffy blood group positive people. In last decade, P. has appeared throughout Africa, both in areas where and negative people live side by as Madagascar Ethiopia are primarily negative, such western Kenya. We performed quantitative polymerase chain reaction on samples dried onto filter paper determine prevalence falciparum a cohort 300 children (newborn 6 years age) Bandiagara, Sahelian area Mali, west negative. report 1-3...
A highly effective malaria vaccine remains elusive despite decades of research. Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite (PfSPZ Vaccine), a metabolically active, nonreplicating, whole parasite demonstrated safety and efficacy (VE) against endemic P. for 6 months in Malian adults receiving five-dose regimen. Safety, immunogenicity, VE three-dose regimen were assessed Balonghin, Burkina Faso two-component study: an open-label dose escalation trial with 32 participants followed by double-blind,...
The recent decline in malaria incidence many African countries has been attributed to the provision of prompt and effective anti-malarial treatment using artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) widespread distribution long-lasting, insecticide-treated bed nets (LLINs). At a vaccine-testing site Bandiagara, Mali, ACT was introduced 2004, LLINs have distributed free charge since 2007 infants after they complete Expanded Programme Immunization (EPI) schedule pregnant women receiving...
Typhoid fever is a substantial public health problem in Africa, yet there are few clinical trials of typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV). We assessed immunogenicity and safety Typbar TCV Malawi.
Background The objective was to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of AMA1-based malaria vaccine FMP2.1/AS02A in children exposed seasonal falciparum malaria. Methodology/Principal Findings A Phase 1 double blind randomized controlled dose escalation trial conducted Bandiagara, Mali, West Africa, a rural town with intense transmission Plasmodium is recombinant protein (FMP2.1) based on apical membrane antigen (AMA1) from 3D7 clone P. falciparum, formulated Adjuvant System AS02A....
Heterogeneous patterns of malaria transmission are thought to be driven by factors including host genetics, distance mosquito breeding sites, housing construction, and socio-behavioural characteristics. Evaluation local epidemiology characterize risk is essential for planning control elimination programmes. The use geographical information systems (GIS) techniques has been a major asset this approach. To assess time space distribution disease in Bandiagara, Mali, within season, data were...
In areas of seasonal malaria transmission, the incidence rate infection is presumed to be near zero at end dry season. Asymptomatic individuals may constitute a major parasite reservoir during this time. We conducted longitudinal analysis spatio-temporal distribution clinical and asymptomatic parasitemia over time in Malian town highlight these transmission dynamics. For cohort 300 rural children followed 2009-2014, periodicity phase shift between rainfall were determined by spectral...
Background Experimental infection of malaria-naïve volunteers by the bite Plasmodium falciparum-infected mosquitoes is a preferred means to test protective effect malaria vaccines and drugs. The standard model relies on five infected induce malaria. We examined efficacy transmission using raised aseptically in compliance with current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMPs). Methods Findings Eighteen adults aged 18–40 years were randomized receive 1, 3 or 5 bites Anopheles stephensi...
Background The FMP2.1/AS02A candidate malaria vaccine was tested in a Phase 2 study Mali. Based on results from the first eight months of follow-up, appeared well-tolerated and immunogenic. It had no significant efficacy based primary endpoint, clinical malaria, but marginal against secondary analyses, high allele-specific efficacy. Extended follow-up conducted to evaluate extended safety, immunogenicity Methods A randomized, double-blinded trial Plasmodium falciparum apical membrane antigen...