Purpose Ultrasound neuromodulation is a promising noninvasive technique for controlling neural activity. Previous small animal studies suffered from low targeting specificity because of the ultrasound frequencies (<690 kHz) used. In this study, authors demonstrated capability focused (FUS) in megahertz‐range to achieve superior murine brain as well demonstrate modulation both motor and sensory responses. Methods FUS sonications were carried out at 1.9 MHz with 50% duty cycle, pulse...

Abstract Brain diseases including neurological disorders and tumors remain under treated due to the challenge access brain, blood-brain barrier (BBB) restricting drug delivery which, also profoundly limits development of pharmacological treatment. Focused ultrasound (FUS) with microbubbles is sole method open BBB noninvasively, locally, transiently facilitate delivery, while translation clinic challenging long procedure, targeting limitations, or invasiveness current systems. In order...

Focused ultrasound (FUS) has recently been demonstrated capable of exciting motor neuronal activity. However, comprehensive understanding elucidated excitatory and inhibitory effects is required to better assess FUS-mediated modulation. In this study, we demonstrate that image-guided FUS can selectively modulate neuron activity in the mouse sciatic nerve vivo attribute responses thermal effects.FUS was applied on anesthetized mice through intact skin muscle using imaging for targeting. Both...

Focused ultrasound (FUS) is an emerging noinvasive technique for neuromodulation in the central nervous system (CNS). To evaluate effects of FUS-induced neuromodulation, many studies used behavioral changes, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) or electroencephalography (EEG). However, readouts are often not easily mapped to specific brain activity, EEG has low spatial resolution limited surface and fMRI requires a large importable scanner that limits additional manipulations. In...

Measuring temperature during focused ultrasound (FUS) procedures is critical for characterization, calibration, and monitoring to ultimately ensure safety efficacy. Despite the low cost high spatial temporal resolutions of measurements using thermocouples, viscous heating (VH) artifact at thermocouple-tissue interface requires reading corrections correct thermometric analysis. In this study, a simulation pipeline proposed VH arising from thermocouples in FUS fields. The numerical model...

Passive acoustic mapping enables the spatiotemporal monitoring of cavitation with circulating microbubbles during focused ultrasound (FUS)-mediated blood-brain barrier opening. However, computational load for processing large data sets maps or more complex algorithms limit visualization in real-time treatment and adjustment. In this study, we implemented a graphical unit (GPU)-accelerated sparse matrix-based beamforming time exposure acoustics neuronavigation-guided system cavitation. The...

Focused ultrasound (FUS) neuromodulation has been previously proposed as a promising technique to drive neuronal activity. Here, we explored motor- and cognitive-related brain regions of mice by targeting specific structures using FUS in the mega-Hz range under type anesthesia. Contralateral motor responses were observed showing successful target specificity achieved with 1.9 MHz. Higher acoustic pressures increased success rate from 20% (at threshold, 1.45 MPa) 70% (1.79 MPa). The estimated...

Temperature measurements with thin thermocouples embedded in ultrasound fields are strongly subjected to a viscous heating artifact (VHA). The contribution decays over time; therefore, it can be minimized at late temperature readings. However, previous studies have failed demonstrate rigorous method for determining the optimal time point which is negligible. In this study, we present an iterative processing based on successive curve fittings using artifact-independent model. fitting starting...

Chronic pain can be alleviated using paresthesia caused by electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves. However, the implantation electrodes is necessary to increase specificity and efficacy treatment. Alternatively, focused ultrasound (FUS) noninvasively selectively modulate nerve function, which could potentially an alternative inducing paresthesia. Here, we show initial feasibility FUS in healthy human subjects. Somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP) elicited median demonstrated decrease...

Ultrasound neurostimulation has been proven capable of eliciting motor responses. However, the studies in sedated rodents presented problems with target specificity due to use low ultrasound frequencies (<700 kHz). Here, we show that focused (FUS) mega-Hz range was able evoke responses mice under deep anesthesia. Contralateral movements hind limbs were observed when sonications carried out at +2 mm Lambda and ±2 lateral midline three mice. Moreover, stimulating other regions somatosensory...

Focused ultrasound (FUS) can noninvasively and reversibly modulate brain activity. Observed motor activity or behavioral changes are commonly used to infer neuromodulatory effects. Changes in autonomic nervous system regulation such as heart respiratory function potentially be for studying the effects of FUS neuromodulation that do not produce outwardly observable In this study, low pressure (850 kPa), long duration (120 s) continuous-wave (CW) at 2 MHz was targeted focus spanned visual...

Focused ultrasound (FUS) has demonstrated the ability to modulate nervous system activity in animals. Recently, higher frequency focused transducers have been used successfully elicit motor responses mice vivo. Despite this success, quantitative analyses of temporal and magnitude-related characteristics FUS elicited measured with electromyography (EMG) spatial specificity those poorly described. In study, we use a transducer high resolution (1mm lateral focal diameter) EMG evaluate six...

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Focused ultrasound (FUS) has demonstrated its ability to modulate neuronal activity in both cortical and subcortical brain regions a noninvasive safe fashion mice, non-human primates, humans. Rodent studies have shown that ultrasonic neuromodulation (UNMOD) can elicit motor responses limbs trigger pupil dilation. Little is known about the effect of CNS on autonomic primarily due cardiorespiratory depression caused by anesthesia used. However, urethane limited effects hemodynamics. In this...