Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a secondary metabolite produced by fungi of the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium, known to contaminate various food substrates. Its toxic effects include direct nephrotoxicity, as well observed teratogenic, immunogenic, carcinogenic effects. Climate change may contribute increased humidity temperature, favouring fungal growth and, consequently, OTA spreading. Recent increases in wild boar populations, along with their omnivorous nature varied diet, define them...

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a powerful mycotoxin found in various foods and feedstuff, responsible for subchronic chronic toxicity, such as nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, teratogenicity, immunotoxicity to both humans several animal species. The severity of the liver damage caused depends on dose duration exposure. Several studies have suggested that oxidative stress might contribute increasing hepatotoxicity OTA, antioxidants, including curcumin (CURC), been tested counteract toxic hepatic action...

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) causes hepatotoxicity, immunotoxicity, and kidney damage, it is included in group I of human carcinogens. The European Commission has established maximum limits AFB1 feed, ranging from 5 to 20 μg/kg. Chicken moderately sensitive AFB1, which results reduced growth performance economic losses. Oxidative stress triggered by plays a crucial role damage the antioxidant activity Curcumin (CURC) could help preventing such adverse effect. Twenty-days-old broilers were treated for...

Paslahepevirus balayani genotypes 3 and 4 (HEV-3 4) have zoonotic potential can be transmitted to humans animals through the consumption of contaminated raw or undercooked meat. Although it has been demonstrated that dogs are susceptible infection produce specific antibodies, epidemiological role this species is not yet well defined. This study aimed evaluate circulation HEV at serological molecular level in dog population Campania region, southern Italy. A total 231 were sampled, divided...

Imatinib (IM) is considered the gold standard for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) treatment, although resistance emerging as a significant problem. The proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) play an important role in cell proliferation, survival, to glucocorticoid-mediated death. Several transcription factors such NF-KB AP-1 are activated response physiopathological increases modulation of intracellular calcium levels. Our previous study demonstrated that...

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a powerful nephrotoxin and the severity of its damage to kidneys depends on both dose duration exposure. According scientific data currently available, mechanism action still not completely clarified, but it supposed that oxidative stress responsible for OTA-induced nephrotoxicity. Bioactive compound use has emerged as potential approach reduce chronic renal failure. Therefore, curcumin (CURC), due therapeutic effects, been chosen our study toxic effects induced by OTA....

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a fungal toxin of critical concern for food safety both human health and several animal species, also representing cancer threat to humans. Curcumin (CURC) natural polyphenol that has anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant effects. The aim this study was investigate the cytoprotective effect CURC against OTA-induced nephrotoxicity hepatotoxicity through nitrosative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokines, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage. Sprague Dawley rats were...

Cyclosporine A (CsA) is the first-line immunosuppressant used in transplant patients and auto- immune diseases. Nephrotoxicity major limitation of CsA use. Although mechanisms nephrotoxicity have not been completely defined, some evidence suggests that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a causal role. The present study was designed to investigate vivo effects hydroxytyrosol (DOPET), natural olive oil antioxidant, on oxidative stress, renal histology haemodynamic alterations induced rats by...

Abstract In this work, we investigated the effects of red orange and lemon extract (RLE) on ochratoxin A (OTA)‐induced nephrotoxicity. particular, analyzed change in renal function oxidative stress Sprague–Dawley rats treated with OTA (0.5 mg/kg body weight, b.w.) RLE (90 by oral administration. After treatment, found alterations biochemical parameters kidney, related to a severe decrease glomerular filtration rate. The treatment normalized activity antioxidant enzymes prevented...

The growing interest in porcine coronaviruses (CoVs) is due to both their negative effect on the swine industry and propensity mutate overcome host barriers. Since information CoVs wild boar (Sus scrofa) limited, especially Italy, a serosurvey was conducted assess epidemiologic situation Campania region clarify role of as reservoirs for enteric (porcine epidemic diarrhea virus [PEDV], transmissible gastroenteritis [TGEV]) respiratory (respiratory coronavirus [PRCV]) CoVs. During 2016-17...

FeHV-1 is the causative agent of infectious rhinotracheitis in cats. The relationship between viral infection and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, as well its function crucial physiological processes like autophagy, apoptosis or IFN induction cascade known for other varicelloviruses. However, there no information on whether autophagy activated during nor how this modifies pathway. In work, we aim to elucidate involvement pathway cytolytic by permissive cell lines. Using a phenotypic approach,...

Abstract Background Although FeHV-1 is a primary feline pathogen, little known about its interactions with host cells. Its relationship several cellular pathways has recently been described, whereas interplay the apoptotic process, unlike other herpesviruses, not yet clarified. The aim of this work was to evaluate whether induces apoptosis in permissive cells, as well pathway involved and effects induction inhibition on viral replication. Methods Monolayers CRFK cells were infected at...

ABSTRACT Cyclosporine A (CsA) is the prototype of immunosuppressant drugs that has provided new perspectives in human and veterinary medicine to prevent organ transplant rejection treat certain autoimmune diseases dermatologic diseases. Unfortunately, treatment with CSA often limited by severe adverse effects such as hypertension nephrotoxicity. Some data suggest reactive oxygen species (ROS) oxidative stress play an important role its pathogenesis, particular superoxide (O 2 − ) most...

Canine vector-borne diseases (CVBD) are an important and emerging health concern for humans animals worldwide. The purpose of the presented study was to assess, from 2016 2019, seroprevalence CVBD agents clarify epidemiology tick-borne disease in stray dogs living Campania Region, Southern Italy. For this purpose, blood samples were collected January December 2019 1023 authorized kennels located five municipalities Region. SNAP® 4DX® IDEXX® Laboratories used detection Ehrlichia spp.,...

Nutritional therapy (NT) is a therapeutic option in the conservative treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients to delay start dialysis. The aim this study was evaluate specific effect ketoanalogs (KA)-supplemented diets for gut microbiota modulation. In previous we observed that Mediterranean diet (MD) and KA-supplemented very-low-protein (VLPD) modulated beneficially microbiota, reducing indoxyl- p-cresyl-sulfate (IS, PCS) serum levels, ameliorating intestinal permeability CKD...

Zearalenone (ZEN) is a non-steroidal estrogenic mycotoxin produced by the fungi of Fusarium genera, and contaminant cereals plant products. ZEN its metabolites are considered endocrine disruptors, could have various toxic effects on animals humans. In recent years, there has been significant demographic increase in wild boar (Sus scrofa) many mountainous hilly areas Italy, including Campania region, mainly due to global climate change. The can be defined as generalist omnivorous species...

Imatinib induces a complete cytogenetic regression in large percentage of patients affected by chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) until mutations the kinase domain BCR-ABL appear. Alternative strategies for CML include inhibition phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt-mammalian target rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, which is constitutively activated cells and seems important regulation cell proliferation, viability, autophagy. In this study, we verified effect imatinib mesylate (IM), alone or...

A Flavivirus survey on 183 hunting dogs was conducted in Campania region, Southern Italy. The seroprevalence value of 40.43% (74/183, 95% confidence intervals [CIs] 33.37–47.49) detected our study using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent serologic assay (cELISA) proves considerable level exposition these animals. Among the 74 cELISA-positive sera, seroneutralization (SN) test showed that 24 sera resulted positive for Usutu virus with an overall prevalence 13.11% (24/183) (95% CI...

Aujeszky's disease (AD, pseudorabies) is a viral of suids caused by Suid Herpesvirus 1 (SHV-1) also referred as virus (ADV) or Pseudorabies (ADV). Domestic pig and Wild boar (Sus scrofa) are the natural host, but many species can be infected with ADV. The aim our study was to evaluate seroprevalence AD in wild hunted Campania Region, during 2016-2017 hunting season. A total 503 serum samples from boars provinces Region (Southern Italy) were collected tested for antibody against ADV using an...