A5088887463- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Escherichia coli research studies
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology
- Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens research
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Immune Response and Inflammation
- Vector-borne infectious diseases
- Yersinia bacterium, plague, ectoparasites research
- CRISPR and Genetic Engineering
- Listeria monocytogenes in Food Safety
- Respiratory Support and Mechanisms
- vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
- COVID-19 and healthcare impacts
- Vibrio bacteria research studies
- Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
- Geriatric Care and Nursing Homes
- Microbial infections and disease research
- COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterology
University of Birmingham
2020-2022
Animal and Plant Health Agency
2007-2011
Veterinary Medicines Directorate
2003-2011
Defence Science and Technology Laboratory
2009
University of Bristol
2004-2005
University of Southampton
2001-2003
Rambam Health Care Campus
1996
Abstract A SARS-CoV-2 variant B1.1.7 containing mutation Δ69/70 has spread rapidly in the United Kingdom and shows an identifiable profile ThermoFisher TaqPath RT-qPCR, S gene target failure (SGTF). We analyzed recent test data for trends significance. Linked cycle threshold (Ct) values respiratory samples showed that a low Ct ORF1ab N were clearly associated with SGTF. Significantly more SGTF had higher inferred viral loads between 1×107 1×108. Our conclusion is patients whose exhibit are...
Lateral flow devices (LFDs) are quickly being implemented for use in large-scale population surveillance programs SARS-CoV-2 infection the United Kingdom. These have been piloted city-wide screening city of Liverpool and now rolled out to support care home visits return University students Christmas break. Here, we present data on performance LFDs test almost 8,000 at Birmingham between December 2 9, 2020. The is validated against 800 samples using PCR performed Pillar testing lab...
The Delta (B.1.617.2) variant was the predominant UK circulating SARS-CoV-2 strain between May and December 2021. How infection compares with previous variants is unknown. This prospective observational cohort study assessed symptomatic adults participating in app-based COVID Symptom Study who tested positive for from 26 to July 1, 2021 (Delta overwhelmingly variant), compared (1:1, age- sex-matched) individuals presenting 28, 2020 6, (Alpha (B.1.1.7) variant). We illness (symptoms,...
The prebiotic Bimuno is a mixture containing galactooligosaccharide, produced by the galactosyltransferase activity of Bifidobacterium bifidum NCIMB 41171 in presence lactose. Previous studies have implicated prebiotics reducing infections enteric pathogens, thus it was hypothesized that may confer some protection murine host from Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) infection. In this study, infection caused S. SL1344nal(r) or absence assessed using tissue culture...
Abstract Birmingham University Turnkey laboratory is part of the Lighthouse network responsible for testing clinical samples under UK government ‘ Test & Trace’ scheme. Samples are analysed presence SARS-CoV-2 in respiratory using Thermofisher TaqPath RT-QPCR test, which designed to co-amplify sections three viral genes. Since more recent information became available regarding variants concern (S-VoC), can show a suboptimal profile tests such as ThermoFisher used at majority...
ABSTRACT Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) strains comprise a broad group of bacteria, some which cause attaching and effacing (AE) lesions enteritis in humans animals. Non-O157:H7 EHEC contain the gene efa-1 (referred to previous publications as efa1 ), influences adherence cultured epithelial cells. An almost identical enteropathogenic E. ( lifA ) mediates inhibition lymphocyte proliferation proinflammatory cytokine synthesis. We have shown previously that significantly lower...
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli, enteropathogenic E. and Citrobacter rodentium are highly adapted enteropathogens that successfully colonize their host's gastrointestinal tract via the formation of attaching effacing (A/E) lesions. These pathogens utilize a type III secretion system (TTSS) apparatus, encoded by locus enterocyte effacement, to translocate bacterial effector proteins into epithelial cells. Here, we report identification EspJ (E. coli-secreted protein J), translocated TTSS...
Sections of kidney, trachea, ileum, colon, rectum and rumen were removed at post mortem from a neonatal calf and, with the exception rumen, primary cell lines established for each types. The adherence enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) serotype O157:H7, enteropathogenic E. (EPEC) O111, K12 (a laboratory adapted non-pathogenic strain) Salmonella enterica Typhimurium was assayed on type. For all assays lines, EHEC O157:H7 adhered to significantly greater extent than other bacteria. S....
ABSTRACT Intimin facilitates intestinal colonization by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7; however, the importance of intimin binding to its translocated receptor (Tir) as opposed cellular coreceptors is unknown. The intimin-Tir interaction needed for optimal actin assembly under adherent bacteria in vitro, a process which requires Tir-cytoskeleton coupling protein (TccP/EspF U ) E. O157:H7. Here we report that O157:H7 tir mutants are at least attenuated isogenic eae calves and...
ABSTRACT Intestinal colonization by enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli requires the locus of enterocyte effacement-encoded type III secretion system. We report that NleC NleD are translocated into host cells via this Deletion mutants induced attaching effacing lesions in vitro, while infection calves or lambs showed neither gene was required for colonization.
Summary Type III secretion (T3S) plays a pivotal role in the colonization of ruminant hosts by Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC). The T3S system translocates effector proteins into host cells to promote bacterial attachment and persistence. repertoire variation prophage regions underpins differences pathogenesis epidemiology EHEC strains. In this study, we have used collection deletions cryptic prophages O157 O‐islands screen for novel regulators T3S. Using approach identified family...
ABSTRACT The human pathogen enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 colonizes and animal gut via formation of attaching effacing lesions. EHEC strains use a type III secretion system to translocate battery effector proteins into the mammalian host cell, which subvert diverse signal transduction pathways implicated in actin dynamics, phagocytosis, innate immunity. genomes sequenced contain two copies protein gene nleH , share 49% sequence similarity with for Shigella OspG, recently...
ABSTRACT Shiga toxin (Stx)-positive Escherichia coli O157:H7 readily colonize and persist in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chicks, we have shown that an Stx-negative E. isolate (NCTC12900) colonizes SPF chicks for up to 169 days after oral inoculation at 1 day of age. However, the role intimin persistent colonization poultry remains unclear. Thus, investigate flagella, which is a known factor persistence non-O157 poultry, isogenic single- double-intimin aflagellar mutants were constructed...
Summary This study has identified horizontally acquired genomic regions of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 that regulate expression the type III secretion (T3S) system encoded by locus enterocyte effacement (LEE). Deletion O‐island 51, a 14.93 kb cryptic prophage (CP‐933C), resulted in reduction LEE and T3S. The deletion also had reduced capacity to attach epithelial cells significantly E. O157 excretion levels from sheep. Further characterization 51 novel positive regulator LEE,...
Despite being classically defined as non-pathogenic, there is growing evidence that biotype 1A Yersinia enterocolitica isolates may be aetiological agents of disease in humans. In previous studies, a potential link between motility and the ability strains to invade cultured epithelial cells was observed. an attempt further investigate this finding, flagella mutant constructed human faecal Y. isolate. The mutation abolished strain cells, although adherence not affected. aflagellate also...
Atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) comprise an important group of paediatric pathogens. EPEC have reservoirs in farm and domestic animals where they can be either commensal or pathogenic; serogroup O26 is dominant humans animals. Central to intestinal colonization by the translocation type III secretion system effector Tir into enterocytes, which following phosphorylation (Tir-Yp) recruits Nck activate N-WASP actin signalling cascade. The authors recently shown that typical...
Abstract Lateral flow devices are quickly being implemented for use in large scale population surveillance programs SARS-CoV-2 infection the United Kingdom. These have been piloted city wide screening of Liverpool, and now rolled out to support care home visits return University students Christmas break. Here we present data on performance Flow test almost 8,000 at Birmingham between December 2 nd 9 th 2020. The is validated against 800 samples using PCR performed Pillar testing lab,...
Genome sequencing is a powerful tool for identifying SARS-CoV-2 variant lineages; however, there can be limitations due to sequence dropout when used identify specific key mutations. Recently, ThermoFisher Scientific has developed genotyping assays help bridge the gap between testing capacity and capability generate real-time results based on variants.