Álvaro Ballesteros
A5019862645- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Pharmacological Effects and Toxicity Studies
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Respiratory Support and Mechanisms
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Kawasaki Disease and Coronary Complications
- Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- COVID-19 diagnosis using AI
- Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques
- Antibiotics Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy
- Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens research
- Bacterial Identification and Susceptibility Testing
- Ultrasound in Clinical Applications
- HIV/AIDS Impact and Responses
- COVID-19 and Mental Health
- HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- Pharmaceutical studies and practices
- Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Antibiotic Use and Resistance
Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre
2021-2025
Hospital Universitario 12 De Octubre
2021-2023
Departamento de Salud
2005
We aimed to identify the spectrum of disease in children with COVID-19, and risk factors for admission paediatric intensive care units (PICUs). conducted a multicentre, prospective study SARS-CoV-2 infection 76 Spanish hospitals. included COVID-19 or multi-inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) younger than 18 years old, attended during first year pandemic. enrolled 1200 children. A total 666 (55.5%) were hospitalised, 123 (18.4%) required PICU. Most frequent major clinical syndromes cohort mild...
The EMPIRICAL trial aims to assess safety and efficacy of an empirical treatment against cytomegalovirus (CMV) tuberculosis (TB) compared standard care (SoC), on adverse events 15-day 1-year mortality among infants living with HIV hospitalized severe pneumonia in Africa. (NCT03915366) is international multicenter phase II-III, open-label randomized factorial clinical conducted six African countries. has four randomization arms a 1:1:1:1 fashion patients allocated (i) TB-Treatment plus SoC,...
In this prospective cohort study with 2326 hospitalized children and young people coronavirus disease 2019 in Spain Colombia, 36.4% had comorbidities. Asthma, recurrent wheezing, chronic neurological, cardiac pulmonary diseases significantly increased the risk of severe outcomes such as death, mechanical ventilation intensive care unit admission. The incremental additional comorbidities underscores importance targeted vaccination strategies for vulnerable populations.
Abstract Background We evaluated dolutegravir pharmacokinetics in infants with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) receiving twice daily (BID) rifampicin-based tuberculosis (TB) treatment compared once (OD) without rifampicin. Methods Infants HIV aged 1–12 months, weighing ≥3 kg, and BID rifampicin or OD were eligible. Six blood samples taken over 12 24 hours (OD). Dolutegravir pharmacokinetic parameters, viral load (VL) data, adverse events (AEs) reported. Results Twenty-seven of 30 enrolled...
ObjectivesTo determine the time to reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) negativity after first positive RT-PCR test, factors associated with longer negativity, proportion of children seroconverting proven severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, and lack seroconversion.Study designThe Epidemiological Study Coronavirus in Children Spanish Society Pediatrics is a multicenter study conducted assess characteristics disease 2019. In subset patients, 3 serial...
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has caused an increase in antibiotic use different settings. We describe the prescribing prevalence, associated factors and trends, as well concomitant bacterial infections children hospitalized with COVID-19 or multisystemic inflammatory syndrome related to Spain.
Background: We evaluated the prevalence and characteristics of persistent signs and/or symptoms in children young people (CYP) one year after hospitalization for acute COVID-19 compared with a control group CYP hospitalized other conditions. Methods: conducted an observational study three hospitals Madrid, which included aged between 1 month 18 years who were due to from March 2020 December 2021. also selected comparison patients other, unrelated conditions within same month. Eligible...
Although super-boosted lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r; ratio 4:4 instead of 4:1) is recommended for infants living with HIV and receiving concomitant rifampicin, in clinical practice, many different LPV/r dosing strategies are applied due to poor availability pediatric separate ritonavir formulations needed superboost. We evaluated LPV pharmacokinetics dosed according local guidelines various sub-Saharan African countries or without rifampicin-based tuberculosis (TB) treatment.This was a 2-arm...
Abstract Optimal antituberculosis therapy is essential for favorable clinical outcomes. Peak plasma concentrations of first-line drugs in infants with living HIV receiving WHO-recommended dosing were low compared reference values adults, supporting studies on increased doses TB infants.
Objectives To evaluate the performance of oral saliva swab (OSS) reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) compared with RT-PCR and antigen rapid diagnostic test (Ag-RDT) on nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS) for SARS-CoV-2 in children. Design Cross-sectional multicentre study. Setting Study nested a prospective, observational cohort (EPICO-AEP) performed between February March 2021 including 10 hospitals Spain. Patients Children from 0 to 18 years symptoms compatible Covid-19 ≤5 days duration were...
Pneumonia is a frequent manifestation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in hospitalized children.The study involved 80 hospitals the severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Spanish Pediatric National Cohort. Participants were children <18 years, with SARS-CoV-2 community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). We compared clinical and radiological characteristics SARS-CoV-2-associated CAP due to other viral etiologies from ValsDance (retrospective) cohort.In total, 151 138 included. Main...
Background: Even with increasing access to rapid HIV diagnosis and early ART initiation, HIV-infected infants seem have adverse treatment outcomes. To assess the probability of death, viral suppression, other HIV-related events, we describe outcomes within first three years life among early-treated children perinatally acquired in South Africa, Mozambique, Mali.Methods: We enrolled a cohort who initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) initial 6 months 3 diagnosis. These were monitored 2, 6, 12...
<title>Abstract</title> <bold>Purpose</bold> We evaluated the prevalence and characteristics of persistent signs and/or symptoms in children young people (CYP) one year after hospitalization for acute COVID-19 compared with a control group CYP hospitalized other conditions. <bold>Methods</bold> conducted an observational study three hospitals Madrid. included who aged 1 month to 18 years age were from March 2020 December 2021. selected patients comparison among same as participants COVID-19,...
<title>Abstract</title> <bold>Background</bold> The EMPIRICAL trial aims to assess safety and efficacy of an empirical treatment against cytomegalovirus (CMV) tuberculosis (TB) compared standard care (SoC), on adverse events 15-day 1-year mortality among infants living with HIV hospitalized severe pneumonia in Africa. <bold>Methods design</bold> The<bold> </bold>EMPIRICAL (NCT03915366) is international multicenter phase II-III, open-label randomized factorial clinical conducted six African...
Background: Community-acquired Pneumonia (CAP) is the most common infectious disease in childhood. Deep learning models have achieved promising results X-ray interpretation and diagnosis. However, usual validation workflow of these found state art should be extended. The aims this study are to test performance, adequacy, applicability an already published deep convolutional neural network (CNN)-based model for identifying consolidation radiographs independent subset.Methods: A total 190...
<h3>Background</h3> Tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis is challenging in children, particularly infants, contributing to high TB-related mortality. Up 30% of infants with pulmonary TB have concurrent extrapulmonary disease, findings that can frequently be detected ultrasound. A protocol focused assessment sonography for HIV-associated (FASH) at six abdominal and thoracic positions has shown promise children adults, but few been included published studies. <h3>Methods</h3> EMPIRICAL (#NCT03915366) a...
<h3>Background</h3> Despite reduction of HIV-associated mortality in children with the implementation antiretroviral treatment (ART), neurocognitive deficits are still great concern. These thought to result mainly from intra-cranial pathology. The contribution extra-cranial infections like pneumonia is not well described. We compared function between infants living HIV (ILHIV), and without severe pneumonia. <h3>Methods</h3> This EDCTP-funded case-control study (TMA2020CDF-3198) was conducted...
<h3>Background</h3> Infants living with HIV are at high risk of tuberculosis and death. Optimal antituberculosis therapy is essential for favourable clinical outcomes particularly in severely ill children. Using WHO-recommended weight-band dosing, younger children weighing <8kg suboptimal exposures. We aimed to evaluate plasma concentration first line drugs infants HIV. <h3>Methods</h3> EMPIRICAL trial (#NCT03915366; EDCTP2-funded (RIA2017MC-2013)) a randomized controlled evaluating...
<h3>Background</h3> Children with advanced HIV disease (AHD) are at an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. We describe mortality rates among infants AHD hospitalized severe pneumonia. <h3>Methods</h3> EMPIRICAL is ongoing Phase II-III, open-label randomized factorial (2×2) trial supported by EDCTP (GA RIA2017MC_2013/#NCT03915366) to assess the impact empirical treatment against cytomegalovirus tuberculosis in living The primary endpoint all-cause 15-days 12-months post enrolment....
Abstract Background: We aimed to identify the spectrum of disease in children with COVID-19, and risk factors for admission paediatric intensive care units (PICUs). Methods : conducted a multicentre, prospective study SARS-CoV-2 infection 76 Spanish hospitals. included COVID-19 or multi-inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) younger than 18 years old, attended during first year pandemic. Results enrolled 1 200 children. A total 666 (55.5%) were hospitalized, 123 (18.4%) required PICU. Most frequent...
Pneumonia is a frequent manifestation of COVID-19 in hospitalized children. Methods The study involved 80 hospitals the SARS-CoV-2 Spanish Pediatric National Cohort. Participants were children <18 years, with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). We compared clinical characteristics SARS-CoV-2-associated CAP due to other viral etiologies from 2012 2019. Results In total, 151 and 138 included. Main features cough 117/151(77%), fever 115/151(76%) dyspnea 63/151(46%); 22/151(15%) patients...