Two distinct pathways have recently been proposed for the import of peroxisomal membrane proteins (PMPs): a Pex19p- and Pex3p-dependent class I pathway Pex3p-independent II pathway. We show here that Pex19p plays an essential role as chaperone full-length Pex3p in cytosol. forms soluble complex with newly synthesized cytosol directly translocates it to peroxisomes. Knockdown inhibits targeting results failure localization Pex3p. Moreover, we demonstrate Pex16p functions Pex3p-docking site...

Rationale: Doxorubicin is an effective chemotherapeutic agent for cancer, but its use often limited by cardiotoxicity. causes endoplasmic reticulum (ER) dilation in cardiomyocytes, and we have demonstrated that ER stress plays important roles the pathophysiology of heart failure. Objective: We evaluated role doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity examined whether chemical chaperone could prevent cardiac dysfunction. Methods Results: confirmed doxorubicin caused mouse hearts, indicating may...

Abstract The ontogeny of the neurotensin (NT) neuron system in forebrain and diencephalon rat was investigated by means indirect immunofluorescence. NT‐positive structures first appear primordium olfactory bulb, anterior amygdaloid area, piriform cortex, complex, nucleus tractus diagonalis, lateral preoptic hypothalamus, etc., fetus gestational day 16. From this day, gradually various areas reach their maximum content on postnatal 7. In contrast, decrease slightly number as grows. However,...

Abstract With the indirect immunofluorescence technique of Coons, overall distribution substance P (SP)‐positive neuron system in frog brain and spinal cord was explored. SP‐positive cells were observed more than ten areas, such as olfactory bulb, amygdaloid complex, septal area, bed nucleus hippocampal commissure, hypothalamic periventricular zone, dorsal ventral thalamus, infundibulum, torus semicircularis, optic tectum, area to interpeduncular nucleus, central gray matter...

We have identified a mouse PDZ protein that interacts with the activin type IIA receptor (ActRIIA), which we named receptor-interacting 1 (ARIP1). By using yeast two-hybrid screening, isolated cDNA clone of ARIP1 from brain library. detected two forms ARIP1, ARIP1-long and ARIP1-short, may be produced by alternative splicing. had one guanylate kinase domain in NH2-terminal region, followed WW domains five (PDZ1–5). ARIP1-short deletion region lacked domain. Both interacted ActRIIA through...

Using yeast two-hybrid screening, we have identified a mouse Postsynaptic density 95/Discs large/Zona occludens-1 (PDZ) protein that interacts with activin type II receptors (ActRIIs). We named the receptor-interacting 2 (ARIP2). ARIP2 was found to one PDZ domain in NH(2)-terminal region and interact specifically ActRIIs among for transforming growth factor beta family by domain. Interestingly, overexpression of enhances endocytosis reduces activin-induced transcription Chinese hamster ovary...

NELL1 is an extracellular protein inducing osteogenic differentiation and bone formation of osteoblastic cells. To elucidate the intracellular signaling cascade evoked by NELL1, we have shown that transiently activates MAPK cascade, induces phosphorylation Runx2, promotes rapid accumulation Tyr-phosphorylated proteins. Unlike BMP2, does not activate Smad cascade. These findings suggest upon binding to a specific receptor transduces signal through activation certain Tyr-kinases associated...

Abstract The distribution and the orgins of substance P (SP)‐positive fibers in papillae rat tongue were investigated by means indirect immunofluorescent method. Three types papilla contain SP‐positive fibers, though number ofthese varies from to papilla. circumvallate contains greatest followed foliate fungiform papillae; filiform lack fibers. papillar form dense bands lamina propria just beneath epithelium. Some enter epithelium taste buds. It should be stressed that not every bud is...

Abstract The distribution of somatostatin (SRIF)‐immunoreactive structures in the central nervous system bull frog (both with and without treatment colchicine) was studied, using indirect immunofluorescence technique Coons co‐workers (Coons, '58). SRIF‐containing cells were observed more than ten areas including spinal cord. These SRIF‐positive showed segmental distribution, that neurons identified various at brain levels. An extensive network fibers found most parts system. a catecholamine...

The peroxin Pex19p functions in peroxisomal membrane assembly. Here we mapped functional domains of human comprising 299 amino acids. mutants deleted the C-terminal CAAx farnesylation motif, 38 acid residues and N-terminal 11 residues, maintained peroxisome-restoring activity pex19 cells. sequence 12-261 was essential for re-establishing peroxisome activity. partly localized to peroxisomes but mostly cytosol. interacted with multiple proteins, including other two biogenesis peroxins, Pex3p...

Abstract With the indirect immunofluorescence technique of Coon's and collaborators, overall distribution somatostatin (SRIF)‐positive neuron system in avian lower brain stem was explored. Numerous cell somata containing SRIF were identified interpeduncular nucleus substantia grisea centralis (GCT) at level nervi trochlearis. Furthermore, a moderate number SRIF‐positive neurons seen tectum opticum, tractus solitarii, spinal cord. Scattered labeled cells noticed rhombencephalon. A dense...

Messenger RNA (mRNA) has great potential to provide innovative medical solutions in the treatment of heart failure. Although lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are an established mRNA delivery system, effectively delivering LNPs remains a significant challenge. Here, we evaluated efficacy transcatheter intracoronary (IC) administration compared intravenous (IV) and intramyocardial (IM) normal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) model rabbit hearts using encapsulating Firefly Luciferase (FLuc) mRNA. In model,...

Background Cardiac rupture is an important cause of death in the acute phase after myocardial infarction (MI). Macrophages play a pivotal role cardiac remodeling MI. Apoptosis inhibitor macrophage (AIM) secreted specifically by macrophages and contributes to accumulation inflamed tissue maintaining survival recruiting macrophages. In this study, we evaluated AIM infarcted myocardium Methods results Wild-type (WT) AIM‒/‒ mice underwent permanent left coronary artery ligation were followed-up...

To identify a biomarker for the early diagnosis of enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) caused by leukemia virus (BLV), we investigated expression microRNA, bta-miR-375, in cattle serum. Using quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR analysis, measured bta-miR-375 levels 27 samples from with EBL (EBL cattle), 45 animals infected BLV but showing no clinical signs (NS and 30 uninfected (BLV negative cattle). In this study, also compared kinetics those conventional biomarkers proviral load (PVL),...

Activin has previously been shown to act as a nerve cell survival factor and have neurotrophic effects on neurons. However, the role of activin in regulating neurotransmitter expression central nervous system exact mechanisms involved this process are poorly understood. In present study, we report that A basic fibroblast growth (bFGF) synergistically increased protein level tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), also greatly TH mRNA level, both mouse E14 striatal primary cultures hippocampal neuronal...

A peroxisomal C-tail-anchored type-II membrane protein, Pex26p, recruits AAA ATPase Pex1p-Pex6p complexes to peroxisomes. We herein attempted gain mechanistic insight into Pex26p function. Pex26pΔ33-40 truncated in amino-acid residues at 33-40 abolishes the recruiting of complex peroxisomes and fails complement impaired phenotype pex26 CHO cell mutant ZP167, thereby suggesting that localization Pex1p Pex6p is indispensable for transport matrix proteins. In vitro assay using semipermeabilized...

Peroxisome biogenesis disorders (PBDs) manifest as neurological deficits in the central nervous system, including neuronal migration defects and abnormal cerebellum development. However, mechanisms underlying pathogenesis remain enigmatic. Here, to investigate how peroxisome deficiency causes of PBDs, we established a new PBD model mouse defective assembly factor Pex14p, termed Pex14ΔC/ΔC mouse. manifests severe symptom such disorganization cortical laminar structure dies shortly after...

Abstract Male hybrids produced from reciprocal crosses between Oryzias latipes and O. curvinotus are sterile, whereas females do lay eggs. Fertilized by the sperm of one parental species, such eggs develop into triploid males females. We examined allozyme patterns triploids that developed fertilized sperms non‐parental strains or a closely related luzonensis. Expression three allelic products in offsprings indicated unreduced diploidy hybrid In order to test clonality diploid females, we...

The peroxisome is a subcellular organelle that functions in essential metabolic pathways, including biosynthesis of plasmalogens, fatty acid β-oxidation very-long-chain acids, and degradation hydrogen peroxide. Peroxisome biogenesis disorders (PBDs) manifest as severe dysfunction multiple organs, the central nervous system (CNS), but pathogenic mechanisms PBDs are largely unknown. Because CNS integrity coordinately established maintained by neural cell interactions, we here investigated...