We investigated the relationship between ruminal pH and bacteria in calves fed calf starter with without forage during weaning transition. First, 16 Holstein bull were obtained from dairy farms equipped rumen cannulas by cannulation surgery. Then, (73.5 ± 4.2 kg; mean SE) assigned to groups either (HAY, n = 8) or (CON, 8), all weaned at 8 weeks of age. Ruminal was measured continuously, fluid samples collected 7, 8, 9, 11 age, namely -1, 0, 1, 3 after weaning, respectively, assess volatile...

Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) is characterized by a pH depression, and microbiota can also be affected higher acidity and/or dietary changes. Previous studies have revealed similar patterns in reduction the rumen reticulum, whereas changes reticular bacterial community following high-grain diet are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to investigate structure simultaneously with those rumen.SARA diagnosed when remained under 5.6 for 350 ± 14 312 24 min/d, respectively, on last...

Effects of a bacterial probiotic (BP) on ruminal fermentation and plasma metabolites were evaluated in four Holstein cattle (body weight, 645 ± 62 kg; mean SD) with induced subacute acidosis (SARA). SARA was by feeding SARA-inducing diet, thereafter, 20, 50 or 100 g per head commercial BP administered for 7 consecutive days during the morning feeding. Cattle without served as control. The 24-hr pH control lower, whereas those groups 20 significantly higher compared to from 2 7. Circadian...

We investigated the relationship between ruminal pH and transcriptomic adaptation of rumen epithelium (RE) calves fed calf starter with without forage during weaning transition. Holstein were assigned to groups either (HAY group, n = 3) or (CON 4). Ruminal was measured continuously, fluid collected 3 wk after weaning. mRNA expression profiles RE examined by one-color microarray. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). Mean maximum significantly (P <...

To identify a biomarker for the early diagnosis of enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) caused by leukemia virus (BLV), we investigated expression microRNA, bta-miR-375, in cattle serum. Using quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR analysis, measured bta-miR-375 levels 27 samples from with EBL (EBL cattle), 45 animals infected BLV but showing no clinical signs (NS and 30 uninfected (BLV negative cattle). In this study, also compared kinetics those conventional biomarkers proviral load (PVL),...

ABSTRACT Sufficient amino acids (AAs) supply is crucial in growing animals to maintain the rapid skeletal muscle protein synthesis and healthy growth. Liver known be major organ that plays a central role AA metabolism. Seeing as few studies have been made investigate dynamic changes of postprandial AAs over short time interval before after liver, first attempt was free levels eight points with plasma, collected simultaneously from hepatic portal, hepatic, jugular veins, better understand...

Subpopulations of peripheral leukocytes and cytokine mRNA expression levels were evaluated in scouring healthy Holstein calves (age 10 ± 5 days; n=42) treated with a probiotic consisting Lactobacillus plantarum, Enterococcus faecium Clostridium butyricum. The assigned to the or group then subdivided into pathogen-positive (n=8), control pathogen-negative (n=6), (n=6) (n=8) groups. A single dose (3.0 g/100 kg body weight) was given each calf treatment groups for days. Blood samples collected...

The vertical transmission of Mycoplasma ( M. ) wenyonii was investigated in beef cattle raised on a farm Japan by analysing the ribonuclease P RNA rnpB gene sequence using PCR. Peripheral blood samples from 17 dams infected with and their neonatal calves were collected colostrum taken cows immediately after parturition, subsequently monitored continuously for three months. At birth day 0, although no detected any dams, four (23.5%) born positive. months delivery, number positive decreased to...

Eight Holstein calves (10 ± 3 weeks) were used to examine the interaction between a bacteria-based probiotic agent (probiotic) and function of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The probiotic, consisting Lactobacillus plantarum, Enterococcus faecium Clostridium butyricum, was administered orally at 3.0 g/100 kg body weight once daily for 5 consecutive days. Calves given vehicle alone with no served as control. In treatment group, increases in numbers CD282(+) (TLR2) monocytes,...

To estimate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis), a three-blood-sample method using iodixanol was assessed comparison with conventional multisample strategy inulin. Iodixanol and inulin were coadministered intravenously 40 mg I/kg 50 mg/kg, respectively, to male monkeys, followed by blood collection 60, 90 120 min later. A close correlation (r=0.96) noted between GFR values estimated both methods. In clinically healthy basal determined be 3.06 ±...

We investigated changes in oxidative stress markers during the transition period healthy Holstein cows and those with postpartum diseases. Transition control (TC) (n=9) were evaluated for longitudinal diseased (PD) ketosis (n=10), abomasal displacement (n=9), acute mastitis (n=10) comparison to (n=10). In TC group, blood samples collected at 2 weeks prepartum 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 postpartum. Milk yield composition measured 4 PD first day of examination 60 days Peripheral parameters...

To develop an expedient procedure for estimating glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in conscious mice, we first established a simple technique repeated blood collections from the tail vein using microcapillary tube attached to 24-gauge needle without hub. Then, devised definition equation estimation of GFR contrast medium iodixanol as test tracer. Iodixanol was administered bolus injection at 1500 mg I/kg ddY and determined by conventional multisample strategy. Based on cumulative data method,...

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is an oncogenic belonging to the genus Deltaretrovirus and causative agent of enzootic bovine leukosis. Proviral load (PVL) determined by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) now widely used as indicator not only BLV infection, but also disease progression. To interpret PVLs different qPCRs in Japan, we compared a chimeric cycling probe-based qPCR, CY415, targeting tax region; TaqMan RC202, pol CoCoMo, long terminal repeat (LTR) region. Whole-blood samples collected...

This study evaluated the effects of increasing proportion concentrate in diet on rumen pH and bacterial community Japanese Black beef cattle at different fattening stages. Six rumen-cannulated were studied middle (Mid group, n=3, age 21–22 months) late (Late 31 The fed rice straw with control (CON period) or high-concentrate (HC diets for 14 consecutive days each period. Rumen was measured continuously fluids collected last day 24-hr mean minimum Mid group significantly (P<0.05) lower during...

We investigated changes in the predicted functions of rumen bacterial community Japanese Black beef cattle during fattening. Nine were fed a high-concentrate diet early, middle, and late fattening stages consecutively (10–14, 15–22, 23–30 months age, respectively). The fluid solid samples collected at each stage subjected to sequencing analyses. results clustered classified into operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Representative sequences raw counting table for OTU submitted Piphillin...

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is the causative agent of enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL), a malignant B cell lymphoma. However, mechanisms BLV-associated lymphomagenesis remain poorly understood. Here, after deep sequencing, we performed comparative analyses microRNAs (miRNAs) in cattle infected with BLV and those without BLV. In BLV-infected cattle, BLV-derived miRNAs (blv-miRNAs) accounted for 38% all cells. Four these blv-miRNAs (blv-miR-B1-5p, blv-miR-B2-5p, blv-miR-B4-3p, blv-miR-B5-5p) had...

This study was conducted on red foxes to determine the appropriate voltage in electroejaculation for semen collection from stud males, and confirm whether frozen with bovine extender can be used artificial insemination. The proper load 3-4 V based rates concentrations of spermatozoa. Frozen prepared according known procedure cows. In frozen-thawed semen, a relatively high conception rate (81.3%) obtained vixens, which optimum insemination time detected by vaginal electrical resistance. These...

The objective of this study was to characterize the composition forestomach and fecal microbiota in Japanese Black calves with white scours. Forestomach fluid, feces, peripheral blood were collected from healthy (n = 5; age 10 ± 2 d) scouring 1 on day which scours occurred. pH concentrations VFA, lactic acid, ammonia nitrogen (NH3–N) fluids determined. Microbiota gene copy numbers fluid feces analyzed by 454 pyrosequencing quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), respectively. cytokine mRNA level...

The objective of this study was to characterize the composition forestomach and fecal microbiota in Japanese Black calves with white scours. Forestomach fluid, feces, peripheral blood were collected from healthy ( = 5; age 10 ± 2 d) scouring 1 on day which scours occurred. pH concentrations VFA, lactic acid, ammonia nitrogen (NH-N) fluids determined. Microbiota gene copy numbers fluid feces analyzed by 454 pyrosequencing quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), respectively. cytokine mRNA level...

Bovine foamy virus (BFV) is distributed through worldwide cattle herds. Although the biological features of BFV are not well understood, appearance clinical manifestation by superinfection with other microorganisms inferred. In Japan, reports genomic characterizations and epidemiology this limited. study, we performed whole sequencing strains Ibaraki No.43, which were isolated in country. Additionally, investigated geographically distant four daily farms to estimate distribution its...

To clarify the pathophysiology of left displaced abomasum (LDA), beef cattle fed high-starch diets were examined. The abomasal pH in with LDA was lower than that non-LDA reference animals (data from at an abattoir), suggesting it facilitated acidity. Bacteriological examinations fluid revealed presence Pseudomonas spp., Clostridium spp. and Candida presumably reflecting accelerated influx ruminal into abomasum. Biochemical analyses serum had higher lactic acid vitamin A E levels animals....