A5010390963- Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment
- Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals
- Genetically Modified Organisms Research
- Indoor Air Quality and Microbial Exposure
- Genomics, phytochemicals, and oxidative stress
- Inhalation and Respiratory Drug Delivery
- Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research
- Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity
- Animal testing and alternatives
- Asthma and respiratory diseases
- Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
- Cystic Fibrosis Research Advances
- Glutathione Transferases and Polymorphisms
- Molecular Biology Techniques and Applications
- Plant Genetic and Mutation Studies
- Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Studies
- Immunotoxicology and immune responses
- Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques
- Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation
- Cardiovascular, Neuropeptides, and Oxidative Stress Research
- Consumer Attitudes and Food Labeling
British American Tobacco (United Kingdom)
2014-2023
Tobacco smoking is a risk factor for various diseases. The underlying cellular mechanisms are not fully characterized, but include oxidative stress, apoptosis, and necrosis. Electronic-cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have emerged as an alternative to possible means reduce harm from tobacco smoking. E-cigarette vapor contains significantly lower levels of toxicants than cigarette smoke, standardized methods assess responses exposure well established. We investigated whether in vitro model the...
In vitro studies have been widely used to support the toxicological evaluation of chemicals and complex mixtures including cigarette smoke. this study, total particulate matter whole aerosol from a Kentucky reference 3R4F two commercially available tobacco heating products (THPs) were assessed using in mutagenicity, cytotoxicity tumour-promoting activity assays. The Ames assay mutagenicity Salmonella typhimurium tester strains TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537 TA102 ± metabolic activation (S9)....
Tobacco heating products (THPs) represent a subset of the next-generation nicotine and tobacco product category, in which is typically heated at temperatures 250-350 °C, thereby avoiding many harmful combustion-related toxicant emissions conventional cigarettes. In this study, we have assessed aerosol generation cytotoxicity from two commercially available THPs, THP1.0 THS, relative to smoke 3R4F reference cigarettes, using an adapted Borgwaldt RM20S Smoking Machine. Quantification exposed...
Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for several diseases. There has been steep increase in the use of e-cigarettes that may offer safer alternative to cigarette smoking. In vitro models smoking-related diseases provide valuable insights into disease mechanisms associated with tobacco and could be used assess e-cigarettes. We previously reported application 'scratch wound' assay, measuring endothelial cell migration rate following artificial wounding, presence or absence smoke extracts. This...
Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor for many adverse health conditions. Novel tobacco heating products (THPs) heat tobacco, reducing exposure to of the harmful combustion toxicants in conventional cigarette emissions. In vitro studies have been employed support toxicological evaluation chemicals and complex mixtures, including smoke. The use automated robotics platforms screening complements traditional testing approaches. Multiparametric toxicity oxidative stress endpoints were used...
Tobacco smoking and hemodynamic forces are key stimuli for the development of endothelial dysfunction. As an alternative to smoking, next generation tobacco nicotine products (NGP) now widely used. However, little is known about their potential pro-inflammatory atherogenic effects on endothelium. In this study, we analyzed parameters function after exposure aqueous smoke extracts (AqE) a heated product (HTP), electronic cigarette (e-cig), conventional (3R4F) pure nicotine. All experiments...
Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for several diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and chronic obstructive pulmonary (COPD), however, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Alternative nicotine products with reduced potential (RRPs) including tobacco heating (THPs), e-cigarettes have recently emerged viable alternatives to cigarettes that may contribute overall strategy of harm reduction due significantly lower levels toxicants in these products' emissions...
In this study, a variety of test matrices from tobacco and nicotine delivery products were assessed against 3R4F Kentucky reference cigarette using the in vitro micronucleus assay. Testing was conducted two Chinese hamster cell lines (CHO V79), human lymphoblastoid line (TK6), accordance with established guidelines. Total particulate matter (TPM) Reference compared to an electronic e-liquid, TPM commercial heating product standard extended treatment condition recovery period. Cells prior...
Tobacco-free 'modern' oral nicotine pouches (MOPs), are similar in appearance and use to Swedish-style snus, but without tobacco. There few identified methods create test samples for toxicologically assessment of MOPs vitro. In this study we present a simple method the extraction pouch material cell culture media, providing consistent concentration easy vitro assessment. A series contemporary screening assays (viability, health markers, oxidative stress genotoxicity) using human fibroblasts...
Abstract Monocytes exhibiting a pro-inflammatory phenotype play key role in adhesion and development of atherosclerotic plaques. As an alternative to smoking, next-generation tobacco nicotine products (NGP) are now widely used. However, little is known about their effects on monocytes. We investigated cell viability, anti-oxidant gene protein expression THP-1 monocytes after exposure aqueous smoke extracts (AqE) heated product (HTP), electronic cigarette (e-cig), conventional (3R4F) pure...
This study assessed the toxicological and biological responses of aerosols from a novel hybrid tobacco product. Toxicological product were compared to those commercially available Tobacco Heating Product (c-THP), prototype THP (p-THP) 3R4F reference cigarette, using in vitro test methods which outlined as part framework substantiate risk reduction potential nicotine products. Exposure matrices used included total particulate matter (TPM), whole aerosol (WA), aqueous extracts (AqE) obtained...
Interest in the toxicological assessment of iterations e-cigarette devices, e-liquid formulations and flavour use is increasing. Here, we describe a multiple test matrix
In vitro cell transformation assays (CTA) are used to assess the carcinogenic potential of chemicals and complex mixtures can detect nongenotoxic as well genotoxic carcinogens. The Bhas 42 CTA has been developed with both initiation promotion protocols distinguish between these two carcinogen classes. Cigarette smoke is known be positive in genotoxicity assays. also contains carcinogens a tumour promoter cocarcinogen vivo. We have combined suite compare relative biological effects new...
In many regulated industries there is an increasing pressure to provide timely and robust risk assessment data support product launches. Real-time cell analysis (RTCA) a tool that allows for the fast relatively labour-free cytotoxic of test compounds, compared traditional methods. Here, we propose application RTCA platform screening approach, evaluate potential tobacco-free nicotine pouches, also termed modern oral (MOP), determine contribution differing strengths (4−11 mg) range available...
Conduct of the mouse lymphoma assay (MLA) is underpinned by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Test Guideline 490 International Conference on Harmonisation S2(R1) guidance a recognised in vitro genotoxicity test battery assay. It has been used limited number occasions assessment some tobacco nicotine products, such as e-cigarettes heating products (THP). The aim this study was to assess suitability MLA testing with variety products. Total particulate matter (TPM)...
Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) and tobacco heating products (THPs) have reduced yields of toxicants recently emerged as a potentially safer alternative to combustible cigarettes. To understand if toxicant exposure is associated with reductions in biological responses, there need for high-quality pre-clinical vitro studies. Here, we investigated the cytotoxic response human umbilical vein endothelial cells conventional cigarette aqueous aerosol extracts (AqE) highly concentrated AqEs...
Goblet cell hyperplasia and overproduction of airway mucin are characteristic features the lung epithelium smokers COPD patients. Tobacco heating products (THPs) a potentially less risky alternative to combustible cigarettes, through continued use solus THPs may reduce smoking-related disease risk. Using MucilAir™ in vitro model, 6-week feasibility study was conducted investigating effect repeated cigarette smoke (1R6F), THP aerosol air exposure. Tissues were exposed nicotine-matched whole...
Adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) help to organize available mechanistic information related an adverse into key events (KEs) spanning all organizational levels of a biological system(s). AOPs, therefore, aid in the understanding particular pathogenesis and also with linking exposures eventual toxic effects. In regulatory context, knowledge disease mechanisms can design testing strategies using vitro methods that measure or predict KEs relevant effect interest. The AOP described here evaluates...
In vitro studies play an important role in supporting the toxicological assessment of e-cigarettes, with many current methods reliant on sophisticated exposure systems designed for conventional cigarette testing. this study, we have compared two distinct systems; modified Vitrocell VC10 and Borgwaldt LM4E to deliver undiluted e-cigarette aerosol. We assessed cytotoxicity response 3D reconstituted lung tissue (MucilAir) exposed aerosol from ePen3 (closed modular e-cigarette) using these...
In vitro studies have supported the toxicological evaluation of chemicals and complex mixtures including cigarette smoke novel tobacco nicotine products which include heating (THP). This new environment requires faster testing, higher throughput appropriate in studies, to support product innovation development. this study, total particulate matter (TPM) from a commercially available THP reference (3R4F) were assessed up 500 μg/mL using two micronucleus techniques. V79 TK6 cells conventional...
Consumer demands and innovation have led to an increasingly diverse range of nicotine delivery systems, driven by a desire reduce risk associated with traditional combustible cigarettes. This speed change provides mandate for rapid new product assessment. We used the validated technology ToxTracker®, assess biomarkers DNA damage, protein misfolding, oxidative cellular stress, across categories cigarette (1R6F), tobacco heating (THP 1.4) electronic (ePen 3). In addition, we compared commonly...
Tobacco smoke is a complex mixture of over 6,000 individual chemical constituents. Approximately 150 these have been identified as 'tobacco toxicants' due to their known toxicological effects. A number toxicants are present in the gaseous phase tobacco smoke. This presents technical challenge when assessing effects chemicals vitro. We adapted commercially available exposure system enable assessment contribution overall whole mainstream cigarette (WS). Here we description and methodology...