A5043234609- Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment
- Computational Drug Discovery Methods
- Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Cardiovascular Disease and Adiposity
- Genomics, phytochemicals, and oxidative stress
- Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research
- Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Diseases
- Free Radicals and Antioxidants
- Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Retinoids in leukemia and cellular processes
- Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals
- Vitamin K Research Studies
- Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
- Heme Oxygenase-1 and Carbon Monoxide
- Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study
- Academic Writing and Publishing
- Cardiovascular, Neuropeptides, and Oxidative Stress Research
- Vitamin C and Antioxidants Research
- Coronary Interventions and Diagnostics
- Glutathione Transferases and Polymorphisms
- Animal testing and alternatives
- Transgenic Plants and Applications
British American Tobacco (United Kingdom)
2010-2021
Tobacco smoking is a risk factor for various diseases. The underlying cellular mechanisms are not fully characterized, but include oxidative stress, apoptosis, and necrosis. Electronic-cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have emerged as an alternative to possible means reduce harm from tobacco smoking. E-cigarette vapor contains significantly lower levels of toxicants than cigarette smoke, standardized methods assess responses exposure well established. We investigated whether in vitro model the...
Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for several diseases. There has been steep increase in the use of e-cigarettes that may offer safer alternative to cigarette smoking. In vitro models smoking-related diseases provide valuable insights into disease mechanisms associated with tobacco and could be used assess e-cigarettes. We previously reported application 'scratch wound' assay, measuring endothelial cell migration rate following artificial wounding, presence or absence smoke extracts. This...
Tobacco smoking and hemodynamic forces are key stimuli for the development of endothelial dysfunction. As an alternative to smoking, next generation tobacco nicotine products (NGP) now widely used. However, little is known about their potential pro-inflammatory atherogenic effects on endothelium. In this study, we analyzed parameters function after exposure aqueous smoke extracts (AqE) a heated product (HTP), electronic cigarette (e-cig), conventional (3R4F) pure nicotine. All experiments...
The objective of this study was to obtain baseline data on biomarkers exposure (BoE) and potential harm (BoPH) in smokers, former smokers never-smokers.This a cross-sectional 80 healthy male female volunteers over 21 years old, self-selected for smoking status. Subjects were prescreened by medical staff at an independent clinical research unit, within 1 week prior single overnight residential visit sample collection.All BoE able differentiate between the two groups from all nonsmokers. There...
Abstract Monocytes exhibiting a pro-inflammatory phenotype play key role in adhesion and development of atherosclerotic plaques. As an alternative to smoking, next-generation tobacco nicotine products (NGP) are now widely used. However, little is known about their effects on monocytes. We investigated cell viability, anti-oxidant gene protein expression THP-1 monocytes after exposure aqueous smoke extracts (AqE) heated product (HTP), electronic cigarette (e-cig), conventional (3R4F) pure...
This study assessed the toxicological and biological responses of aerosols from a novel hybrid tobacco product. Toxicological product were compared to those commercially available Tobacco Heating Product (c-THP), prototype THP (p-THP) 3R4F reference cigarette, using in vitro test methods which outlined as part framework substantiate risk reduction potential nicotine products. Exposure matrices used included total particulate matter (TPM), whole aerosol (WA), aqueous extracts (AqE) obtained...
To investigate tools for evaluation of smoking-associated disease initiation and progression, we examined basic clinical parameters biomarkers cardiovascular risk, in a group healthy volunteers with an average 10-year smoking history. A small cross-sectional study never-smokers, moderate smokers was performed. Caucasians were recruited to match pre-defined cigarette tar yields cigarettes smoked per day. For haematological parameters, significant differences between never-smokers all female...
Development of cigarettes that reduce exposure to harmful smoke constituents is a suggested tobacco harm reduction strategy, but robust methods for measurement change are required. We investigated whether changes in biomarkers (BoE), effective dose (BoED) and biological effect (BoBE) could be detected after switching from conventional reduced-toxicant-prototype cigarette (RTP).Regular smokers 6-8mg ISO tar yield were recruited Hamburg, Germany, supplied with 7mg 2weeks then switched the same...
Biomarkers of biological effect (BOBE) have been proposed as potential tools to assess tobacco product use, toxicity and disease risk.To determine if candidate BOBE can distinguish between smokers, never-smokers former smokers.Biomarker levels were compared from 143 61 ex-smokers.In total, 27 biomarkers assessed, 14 significantly different smokers (p < 0.01) these biomarkers, 12 able 0.05), which indicates the for reversibility.A total are potentially useful future assessment.
Tobacco heating products (THPs) are a potentially safer alternative to combustible cigarette smoking. Through continued use, THPs may reduce smoking-related disease risk, whilst maintaining the sensorial experience and nicotine delivery sought by smokers. While literature evidence of biological effects THP aerosol exposure is increasing, there remains knowledge gap with respect substantiation reduced risk potential in longer term real-life use. This randomized, multi-centre, controlled...
Two groups of 20 healthy volunteers with cigarettes different tar yield were compared a group never smokers over 24 h for several biomarkers. All similar mean ages and the had smoked homogeneous period approximately 10 yr. The assessed using routine medical parameters as well biomarkers recent smoke exposure other that under evaluation possible markers risk smoking-associated diseases. exposure—carbon monoxide, nicotine plus its five major metabolites,...
The Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) framework provides a means to outline knowledge-driven sequence of events from exposure adverse outcome. As concept, AOPs have been readily accepted by the toxicology community as organize available mechanistic information linking exposures toxic effects in standardized way encompassing all organizational levels given biological system. However, there is also an inherent benefit applying health outcomes that are not necessarily linked standard toxicological...
Adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) help to organize available mechanistic information related an adverse into key events (KEs) spanning all organizational levels of a biological system(s). AOPs, therefore, aid in the understanding particular pathogenesis and also with linking exposures eventual toxic effects. In regulatory context, knowledge disease mechanisms can design testing strategies using vitro methods that measure or predict KEs relevant effect interest. The AOP described here evaluates...
Hypertension is a cardiovascular risk factor that has profound influence on morbidity and mortality. While good progress been made in terms of identifying managing this for patient care, methods to assess the potential chemical compounds induce hypertension or efficacy consumer products (e.g., e-cigarettes) targeted at reducing disease burden remain largely limited epidemiological associations vivo studies. The field toxicology undergone paradigm shift toward replacement testing...
Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH) and squamous cell dysplasia (SCD) are associated with the development of malignant lesions in lung. Accurate diagnosis AAH SCD could facilitate earlier clinical intervention provide useful information for assessing lung cancer risk human populations. Detection has been achieved by imaging bronchoscopy clinically, but sensitivity specificity remain less than satisfactory. We utilized ability immune system to identify lesion specific proteins detection...
Tobacco harm reduction strategies aim to substitute smoking with potentially reduced risk products (PRRPs) such as e-cigarettes and tobacco-heating (THPs). The health benefits of switching from PRRPs is unknown. A randomised controlled trial being conducted increase understanding the effects a THP in 12-month long ambulatory study (ISRCTN81075760). Here we describe endpoints statistical analysis plan. Endpoints are divided into biomarkers exposure (BoE) tobacco smoke constituents effect...
Abstract Atherosclerosis is a complex process involving progressive pathological events, including monocyte adhesion to the luminal endothelial surface. We have developed functional in vitro assay using BioFlux microfluidic technology investigate THP-1 (human acute monocytic leukaemia cell) human aortic cells (HAECs). The effect of whole smoke conditioned media (WSCM) generated from University Kentucky reference cigarette 3R4F, electronic vapour (eVCM) an nicotine delivery system (ENDS)...
Assessment of novel tobacco and nicotine products for their harm reduction potential compared with cigarettes is significance regulators public health. The National Research Council's report, “Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century,” outlines recent advances molecular biology utility human vitro systems toxicity testing. Such approaches could enable efficient, ethical, economical risk assessment chemicals chemical mixtures. We investigated a simple lung model to discriminate between...