A5002264678- Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Climate Change and Health Impacts
- Health disparities and outcomes
- Occupational exposure and asthma
- Noise Effects and Management
- Environmental Justice and Health Disparities
- Energy and Environment Impacts
- Chronic Disease Management Strategies
- Heme Oxygenase-1 and Carbon Monoxide
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research
- Asthma and respiratory diseases
- Global Health Care Issues
- Workplace Health and Well-being
- Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
- Public Health Policies and Education
- Atrial Fibrillation Management and Outcomes
- Birth, Development, and Health
- Healthcare Systems and Technology
- Migraine and Headache Studies
- Vehicle Noise and Vibration Control
- Heart Failure Treatment and Management
- Urban Green Space and Health
- Child and Adolescent Health
- Neurological Disorders and Treatments
- Primary Care and Health Outcomes
Clinical Practice Research Datalink
2018-2023
Imperial College London
2010-2019
MRC Centre for Environment and Health
2014-2019
Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust
2013
National Institutes of Health
2013
St George's, University of London
2012
University of Liverpool
2012
North Manchester General Hospital
2012
Aintree University Hospital
2012
<b>Objective</b> To investigate the association of aircraft noise with risk stroke, coronary heart disease, and cardiovascular disease in general population. <b>Design</b> Small area study. <b>Setting</b> 12 London boroughs nine districts west exposed to related Heathrow airport London. <b>Population</b> About 3.6 million residents living near airport. Risks for hospital admissions were assessed 110 census output areas (average population about 300 inhabitants) risks mortality 2378 super...
Record linkage is increasingly used to expand the information available for public health research. An understanding of record methods and relevant strengths limitations important robust analysis interpretation linked data. Here, we describe approach by Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) link primary care data other patient level datasets, potential implications this CPRD analysis. General practice electronic software providers separately submit de-identified identifiers NHS Digital,...
<h3>Abstract</h3> <h3>Objective</h3> To investigate the relation between exposure to both air and noise pollution from road traffic birth weight outcomes. <h3>Design</h3> Retrospective population based cohort study. <h3>Setting</h3> Greater London surrounding counties up M25 motorway (2317 km<sup>2</sup>), UK, 2006 2010. <h3>Participants</h3> 540 365 singleton term live births. <h3>Main outcome measures</h3> Term low (LBW), small for gestational age (SGA) at term, weight. <h3>Results</h3>...
Abstract Background This descriptive study assessed the completeness, agreement, and representativeness of ethnicity recording in United Kingdom (UK) Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) primary care databases alone and, for those patients registered with a GP England, when linked to secondary data from Hospital Episode Statistics (HES). Methods Ethnicity records were all May 2021 builds CPRD GOLD Aurum UK patients. In analyses UK, English was combined CPRD-HES, whereas Northern...
<h3>Introduction</h3> Long-term air pollution exposure contributes to mortality but there are few studies examining effects of very long-term (>25 years) exposures. <h3>Methods</h3> This study investigated modelled concentrations at residence for 1971, 1981, 1991 (black smoke (BS) and SO<sub>2</sub>) 2001 (PM<sub>10</sub>) in relation up 2009 367 658 members the longitudinal survey, a 1% sample English Census. Outcomes were all-cause (excluding accidents), cardiovascular (CV) respiratory...
Objectives To examine valsartan, losartan and irbesartan usage switching patterns in the USA, UK, Canada Denmark before after July 2018, when first Angiotensin-Receptor-Blocker (ARB) (valsartan) was recalled. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Canadian administrative healthcare data, Danish National Prescription Registry UK primary care electronic health records. Participants Patients aged 18 years older between January 2014 December 2020. Intervention Valsartan, irbesartan. Main...
Birth weight is a strong predictor of infant mortality, morbidity and later disease risk. Previous work from the 1980s indicated shift in UK towards heavier births; this descriptive analysis looks at more recent trends.Office for National Statistics (ONS) registration data on 17.2 million live, single births 1986 to 2012 were investigated temporal trends mean birth weight, potential years change changes proportions very low (<1500 g), (<2500 g) high (≥4000 weight. Analysis used multiple...
Background The Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) holds primary care electronic healthcare records for 25% of the UK population. CPRD data can be linked via practice postcode in UK, and additionally patient England, to area-level socioeconomic status (SES) including Index Multiple Deprivation (IMD), Carstairs Townsend Index; as well rural–urban classification (RUC). This study aims describe completeness representativeness CPRD-linked SES RUC data. Methods Patients currently...
<h3>Objective</h3> To examine the association of adult onset asthma with lifetime exposure to occupations and occupational exposures. <h3>Methods</h3> We generated histories for 9488 members British 1958 birth cohort up age 42 years. Blind status, jobs were coded International Standard Classification Occupations 1988 an Asthma Specific Job Exposure Matrix (ASJEM) expert re-evaluation step. Associations ASJEM exposures assessed in logistic regression models adjusting sex, smoking, social...
Some studies have reported associations between municipal waste incinerator (MWI) exposures and adverse birth outcomes but there are few of modern MWIs operating to current European Union (EU) Industrial Emissions Directive standards. Associations modelled ground-level particulate matter ≤10 μm in diameter (PM10) from MWI emissions (as a proxy for emissions) within 10 km each MWI, selected infant mortality were examined all 22 Great Britain 2003–10. We also investigated with proximity...
Improving the efficiency of clinical trials is key to their continued importance in directing evidence-based patient care. Digital innovations, particular use electronic healthcare records (EHRs), allow for large-scale screening and follow up participants. However, it critical these developments are accompanied by robust transparent methods that can support high-quality high value research.
Accidental non-fire-related (ANFR) carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is a cause of fatalities and hospital admissions. This the first study that describes characteristics ANFR CO admissions in England. Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) inpatient data for England between 2001 2010 were used. defined as any mention ICD-10 code T58: toxic effect X47: accidental by gases or vapours, excluding codes potentially related to fires (X00-X09, T20-T32 Y26). There 2463 over 10-year period (annual rate:...
Municipal Waste Incineration (MWI) is regulated through the European Union Directive on Industrial Emissions (IED), but there ongoing public concern regarding potential hazards to health. Using dispersion modeling, we estimated spatial variability in PM10 concentrations arising from MWIs at postcodes (average 12 households) within 10 km of Great Britain (GB) 2003–2010. We also investigated change points emissions relation introduction EU (EU-WID) (subsequently transposed into IED) and...
Long-term exposure to primary traffic pollutants may be harmful for health but few studies have investigated effects on mortality. We examined associations six with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in 2003-2010 at small-area level using linear piecewise Poisson regression models. In models most showed negative or null association all-cause, cardiovascular respiratory the we observed positive lowest range (e.g. relative risk (RR) 1.07 (95% credible interval (CI) = 1.00-1.15) per 0.15...
<h3>Background</h3> In England there are four national routinely collected data sets on births: Office for National Statistics (ONS) births based birth registrations; Hospital Episode (HES) deliveries (mothers' information); HES (babies' and NHS Numbers Babies (NN4B) ONS plus gestational age ethnicity information. This study describes compares these data, with the aim of recommending most appropriate set(s) use in epidemiological research surveillance. <h3>Methods</h3> We assessed...
Few studies have investigated congenital anomalies in relation to municipal waste incinerators (MWIs) and results are inconclusive. To conduct a national investigation into the risk of babies born mothers living within 10 km an MWI associated with: i) modelled concentrations PM10 as proxy for emissions more generally and; ii) proximity residential postcode nearest MWI, areas England Scotland that covered by anomaly register. Retrospective population-based cohort study MWIs operating between...
Unintentional non-fire related (UNFR) carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is a preventable cause of morbidity and mortality. Epidemiological data on UNFR CO can help monitor changes in the magnitude this burden, particularly through comparisons multiple countries, to identify vulnerable sub-groups population which may be more at risk. Here, we collected age- sex- specific number hospital admissions with primary diagnosis England (2002-2016), aggregated small areas, alongside area-level...
Objectives To investigate whether prior symptoms of allergic disease influence first job undertaken on leaving school. Methods The study included 5020 members the 1958 British birth cohort who provided a history (including start dates) at age 33 and for whom information in childhood adolescence was reported by parents ages 7, 11 16. Occupational group (high risk, low reference) based its probable asthma risk. Results With occupational defined using only title, RR taking high risk over...
To investigate associations between respiratory disease and occupational exposures in a New Zealand urban population, the Wellington Respiratory Survey.
Background The Small Area Health Statistics Unit is nearing completion of an Environment and Atlas for England Wales. provides a high quality, comprehensive, collection over 120 maps contextual information, common environmental hazards diseases public health importance at local level. Aim aim to provide information on geographic patterns disease selected help with the development hypotheses research into risks that may relate exposures. Method divided two sections, (i) spatial distribution...
Recently, a locus centred on rs9273349 in the HLA-DQ region emerged from genome-wide association studies of adult-onset asthma. We aimed to further investigate role human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II asthma and possible interaction with occupational exposures. imputed classical HLA-II alleles 7579 single-nucleotide polymorphisms 6025 subjects (1202 asthma) European cohorts: ECRHS, SAPALDIA, EGEA B58C, surveys bakers agricultural workers. Based an asthma-specific job–exposure matrix, 2629...
There is limited evidence on potential health risks from Municipal Waste Incinerators (MWIs), and previous studies birth outcomes show inconsistent results. Here, we evaluate whether the opening of MWIs associated with infant mortality sex ratio in surrounding areas, extending Interrupted Time Series (ITS) methodological approach to account for spatial dependencies at small area level.We specified a Bayesian hierarchical model investigate annual sex-ratio (female relative male) within 10 km...
We estimated the frequency of non-specific influenza-associated clinical endpoints to inform feasibility pragmatic randomized controlled trials (RCT) assessing relative vaccine effectiveness (rVE). Hospitalization rates respiratory, cardiovascular and diabetic events were from Denmark England's electronic databases stratified by age, comorbidity influenza vaccination status. included a seasonal average 4.5 million Danish 7.2 English individuals, 17 32% with comorbidities. Annually,...
Background There are very few studies investigating the health impacts of aircraft noise on cardiovascular disease and most these have focused associations with hypertension. Methods A small area study was conducted relating to 3.6 million residents living near Heathrow airport. Risks for stroke, coronary heart hospital admissions in 2001-2005 were assessed 12 110 census output areas (average population about 300 inhabitants) risks mortality 2378 super (about 1500 inhabitants). Results...