A5072668978- Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
- Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Treatment of Major Depression
- Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
- Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Epilepsy research and treatment
- Electroconvulsive Therapy Studies
- Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
- Neuroscience of respiration and sleep
- Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Psychedelics and Drug Studies
- Traumatic Brain Injury Research
- Mental Health Research Topics
- Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling
- Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
- Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Research
- Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications
- COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
- Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
Brighton and Sussex Medical School
2017-2025
University of Sussex
2018-2025
Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust
2021-2025
King's College London
2014-2023
Leiden University
2021
Cardiff University
2021
Sussex County Community College
2019
Imperial College London
2010-2017
Hammersmith Hospital
2010-2017
LivaNova (United Kingdom)
2013-2017
Psychedelic drugs have a long history of use in healing ceremonies, but despite renewed interest their therapeutic potential, we continue to know very little about how they work the brain. Here used psilocybin, classic psychedelic found magic mushrooms, and task-free functional MRI (fMRI) protocol designed capture transition from normal waking consciousness state. Arterial spin labeling perfusion blood-oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) fMRI were map cerebral blood flow changes venous oxygenation...
[ 11 C]PHNO is a D 2 /D 3 agonist positron emission tomography radiotracer, with higher in vivo affinity for than receptors. As C]-( + )-PHNO an agonist, its binding expected to be more affected by acute fluctuations synaptic dopamine that of antagonist radiotracers such as C]raclopride. In this study, the authors compared effects oral dose releaser amphetamine (0.3 mg/kg) on and C]raclopride healthy subjects, using within-subjects, counterbalanced, open-label design. dorsal striatum, where...
Positron emission tomography (PET) targeting the 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) is used to quantify neuroinflammation. Translocator expressed throughout brain, and therefore a classical reference region approach cannot be estimate binding potential ( BP ND ). Here, we blockade of TSPO radioligand [ 11 C]PBR28 with ligand XBD173, determine non-displaceable volume distribution V ), hence . A total 26 healthy volunteers, 16 high-affinity binders (HABs) 10 mixed affinity (MABs) underwent PET...
Depression, a condition commonly comorbid with multiple sclerosis (MS), is associated more generally elevated inflammatory markers and hippocampal pathology. We hypothesized that neuroinflammation in the hippocampus responsible for depression MS. characterized relationship between depressive symptoms microglial activation patients MS using 18-kDa translocator protein radioligand [(18)F]PBR111. To evaluate pathophysiologic mechanisms, we explored relationships neuroinflammation, symptoms,...
PET is used to image active inflammatory processes by targeting the translocator protein (TSPO). In vitro, second-generation TSPO radioligands, such as PBR111, have been shown bind human tissue samples with either high affinity (high-affinity binders, HABs), low (low-affinity LABs), or an intermediate, mixed (mixed-affinity MABs). We previously explained these differences in via rs6971 polymorphism gene and predicted that specific signal from ligands vivo would vary accordingly. silico...
Pathological gambling is a psychiatric disorder and the first recognized behavioral addiction, with similarities to substance use disorders but without confounding effects of drug-related brain changes. Pathophysiology within opioid receptor system increasingly in dependence, higher mu-opioid (MOR) availability reported alcohol, cocaine opiate addiction. Impulsivity, risk factor across addictions, has also been found be associated MOR availability. The aim this study was characterize...
This study aimed to replicate a previous which showed that endogenous opioid release, following an oral dose of amphetamine, can be detected in the living human brain using [11C]carfentanil positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Nine healthy volunteers underwent two PET scans, one before and 3 h amphetamine administration (0.5 mg/kg). Regional changes BPND from pre- post-amphetamine were assessed. The challenge led significant reductions putamen, thalamus, frontal lobe, nucleus...
The 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) is a ubiquitous conserved outer mitochondrial membrane implicated in numerous cell and tissue functions, including steroid hormone biosynthesis, respiration, proliferation, apoptosis. TSPO binds with high affinity to cholesterol compounds, expressed at levels steroid-synthesizing tissues, mediates import into mitochondria, which the rate-limiting step formation. In humans, rs6971 polymorphism on gene leads an amino acid substitution fifth transmembrane...
Lithium and quetiapine are first-line augmentation options for treatment-resistant depression; however, few studies have compared them directly, none longer than 8 weeks. We aimed to assess whether therapy is more clinically effective cost-effective lithium patients with depression over 12 months. did this pragmatic, open-label, parallel-group, randomised controlled superiority trial at six National Health Service trusts in England. Eligible participants were adults (aged ≥18 years) a...
Several studies suggest a high comorbidity of substance abuse and schizophrenia, associated with higher frequency relapse, more positive symptoms depression, cognitive impairment, poorer outcome treatment response. A incidence is also observed in first-episode patients. Among patients abuse, the onset precedes psychosis several years most cases. All first episode at admission to Psychiatric Service Diagnosis Treatment Ospedale Maggiore Milan during 1990 2004, have been included our study....
PET radioligand binding to the 18-kD translocator protein (TSPO) in brains of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) primarily reflects activated microglia and macrophages. We previously developed genetic stratification for accurate quantitative estimation TSPO using second-generation radioligands. In this study, we used (18)F-PBR111 MR imaging measure relative lesional, perilesional, surrounding normal-appearing white matter MS patients, as an index innate immune response.(18)F-PBR111 was...
Brain magnetic resonance imaging is an important tool in the diagnosis and monitoring of multiple sclerosis patients. However, alone provides limited information for predicting individual patient’s disability progression. In part, this because lacks sensitivity specificity detecting chronic diffuse multi-focal inflammation mediated by activated microglia/macrophages. The aim study was to test association between 18 kDa translocator protein brain positron emission tomography signal, which...
The objective of this study was to assess microglial activation in lesions and normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) multiple sclerosis (MS) patients using PET. <b>Methods:</b> Thirty-four MS (7 with secondary progressive [SPMS], 27 relapsing remitting [RRMS]) 30 healthy volunteers, genetically stratified for translocator protein (TSPO) binding status, underwent PET scanning TSPO radioligands (<sup>11</sup>C-PBR28 or <sup>18</sup>F-PBR111). Regional availability measured as a distribution...
BackgroundCarbon dioxide inhalation is known to induce an emotion similar spontaneous panic in Panic Disorder patients. The affective response carbon healthy subjects was not clearly characterized yet.Methodology/Principal FindingsSixty-four underwent a double of four mixtures containing respectively 0, 9, 17.5 and 35% CO2 compressed air, following blind, cross-over, randomized design. Affective responses were assessed according DSM IV criteria for panic, using Electronic Visual Analogue...
TSPO mediated transport of cholesterol into the mitochondrion is a necessary step in steroid synthesis. The rs6971 polymorphism gene causes an amino acid substitution (Ala147Thr) within transmembrane domain where cholesterol-binding pocket located, and has been shown to affect steroidogenic pathway. We report nominal association between this diagnosis Bipolar Disorder both genome-wide dataset Wellcome Trust Case-Control Consortium Psychiatric Genome-Wide Association Study group (OR=1.11,...