Long-term potentiation (LTP), a persistent enhancement of synaptic transmission that may be involved in some forms learning and memory, is induced at excitatory synapses the CA1 region hippocampus by coincident presynaptic postsynaptic activity. Although action potentials back-propagating into dendrites hippocampal pyramidal cells provide sufficient activity to induce LTP under vitro conditions, it not known whether can patterns potential firing occur these vivo. Here we report...

Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a psychiatric in which individuals are preoccupied with perceived defects their appearance, often related to face. Little known about its pathophysiology, although early research provides evidence of abnormal visual processing.To determine whether patients BDD have patterns brain activation when visually processing own face high, low, or normal spatial resolution.Case-control study.A university hospital.Seventeen right-handed medication-free subjects and 16...

Recent studies provide evidence for an interaction between a declarative memory system, dependent on the medial temporal lobe (MTL), and habit basal ganglia. Using functional MRI, authors studied this when 1 system was compromised by neurological disease. Neural activity performing habit-learning task compared in normal controls subjects with Parkinson's disease (PD). Patients PD showed less activation caudate nucleus greater region of prefrontal cortex that has been associated explicit...

Significance The ability to predict an individual’s potential response treatment would permit clinicians more prudently allocate resources that support cognitive behavioral therapy for obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), often stressful and time-consuming treatment. current study lays important groundwork exciting advance toward personalized medicine in psychiatry up this point has eluded the field. This marks a success using multivariate pattern recognition identify neurobiological...

Background Individuals with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) may have perceptual distortions for their appearance. Previous studies suggest imbalances in detailed relative to configural/holistic visual processing when viewing faces. No study has investigated the neural correlates of non-symptom-related stimuli. The objective this was determine whether individuals BDD abnormal patterns brain activation non-face/non-body object Method Fourteen medication-free participants DSM-IV and 14 healthy...

The ability to draw analogies requires 2 key cognitive processes, relational integration and resolution of interference. present study aimed identify the neural correlates both component processes analogical reasoning within a single, nonverbal analogy task using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging. Participants verified whether visual was true by considering either 1 or 3 dimensions. On half trials, there an additional need resolve interference in order make correct...

Objective: We examined resting state functional connectivity in the brain between key emotion regulation regions bipolar I disorder to delineate differences coupling from healthy subjects. Methods: Euthymic subjects with (n = 20) and matched participated a magnetic resonance imaging scan. Low‐frequency fluctuations blood oxygen level‐dependent (BOLD) signal were correlated six connections four anatomically defined nodes: left right amygdala ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC)....

Although the amygdala and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex have been implicated in pathophysiology of bipolar I disorder, neural mechanisms underlying II disorder remain unknown. The authors examined activity response to negative emotional faces during an emotion perception task that reliably activates regulatory regions.Twenty-one nonmedicated depressed patients 21 healthy comparison subjects underwent functional MRI (fMRI) while performing face-matching task. Within- between-group...

Despite increasing emphasis on the potential of dietary antioxidants in preventing memory loss and diet as a precursor neurological health, rigorous studies investigating cognitive effects foods their components are rare. Recent animal have reported other benefits polyphenols, found abundantly pomegranate juice. We performed preliminary, placebo-controlled randomized trial juice older subjects with age-associated complaints using testing functional brain activation (fMRI) outcome measures....

Townsend JD, Bookheimer SY, Foland‐Ross LC, Moody TD, Eisenberger NI, Fischer JS, Cohen MS, Sugar CA, Altshuler LL. Deficits in inferior frontal cortex activation euthymic bipolar disorder patients during a response inhibition task. Bipolar Disord 2012: 14: 442–450. © 2012 The Authors. Journal compilation John Wiley & Sons A/S. Objectives: cortical–striatal network plays an integral role normal populations. While (IFC) impairment has been reported mania, this study explored whether...

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is effective for obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD); however, little understood about its mechanisms related to brain network connectivity. We examined connectivity changes from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data pre-to-post-CBT in 43 OCD participants, randomized receive either 4 weeks of intensive CBT or waitlist followed by CBT, and 24 healthy controls before after no treatment. Network-based-statistic analysis revealed...

Cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES) is a U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved treatment for insomnia, depression, anxiety consisting of pulsed, low-intensity current applied to the earlobes or scalp. Despite empirical evidence clinical efficacy, its mechanism action largely unknown. The goal was characterize acute effects CES on resting state brain activity. Our primary hypothesis that would result in deactivation cortical subcortical regions. Eleven healthy controls were...

Background. Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and anorexia nervosa (AN) are both characterized by distorted perception of appearance. Previous studies in BDD suggest abnormalities visual processing own others’ faces, but no study has examined faces AN, nor directly compared the two disorders this respect. Method. We collected functional magnetic resonance imaging data on 60 individuals equivalent age gender each three groups – 20 BDD, weight-restored healthy controls (HC) while they viewed...

Intensive cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) can effectively reduce symptoms in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, many relapse after treatment. Few studies have investigated biological markers predictive of follow-up clinical status. The objective was to determine if brain network connectivity patterns prior intensive CBT predict worsening during follow-up.We acquired resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 17 adults with OCD and following 4 weeks CBT....

Recent evidence suggests that putting feelings into words activates the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and suppresses response of amygdala, potentially helping to alleviate emotional distress. To further elucidate relationship between brain structure function in these regions, structural functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data were collected from a sample 20 healthy human subjects. Structural MRI processed using cortical pattern-matching algorithms produce spatially normalized maps...

Abstract Own body perception, and differentiating comparing one's to another person's body, are common cognitive functions that have relevance for self‐identity social interactions. In several psychiatric conditions, including anorexia nervosa, dysmorphic disorder, gender dysphoria, autism spectrum self own as well aspects of communication disturbed. Despite most these conditions having skewed prevalence sex ratios, little is known about whether the neural basis perception differs between...