Background. Novel therapies are urgently needed to treat carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR-Kp)-mediated infection, which constitute a major health threat in the United States. In order assess if it is feasible develop anticapsular antibodies as potential novel therapy, crucial first systematically characterize capsular polysaccharide (CPS) and virulence traits these strains. Methods. Forty CR-Kp were genotyped by pulsed field gel electrophoresis, multilocus sequence typing...

Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKp) strains are predicted to become a major threat in Asia if antibiotic resistance continues spread. Anticapsular antibodies (Abs) were developed because disseminated infections caused by hvKp associated with significant morbidity and mortality, even antibiotic-sensitive strains. K1-serotype polysaccharide capsules (K1-CPS) expressed the majority of In this study, K1-CPS-specific IgG Abs generated conjugation K1-CPS immunogenic anthrax protective...

Hospital-acquired infections are an increasingly serious health concern. Infections caused by carpabenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR-Kp) especially problematic, with a 50 % average survival rate. CR-Kp isolated from patients ever greater frequency, 7 within the EU but 62 in Greece. At time when antibiotics becoming less effective, no vaccines to protect this severe bacterial infection exist. Herein, we describe convergent [3+3] synthesis of hexasaccharide repeating unit its capsular...

ABSTRACT Carbapenem-resistant (CR) sequence type 258 (ST258) Klebsiella pneumoniae has become an urgent health care threat, causing increasing number of high-mortality infections. Its resistance to numerous antibiotics and threat immunocompromised patients necessitate finding new therapies combat these Previous successes in the laboratory, as well conservation capsular polysaccharide (CPS) among members ST258 clone, suggest that monoclonal antibody (MAb) therapy targeting outer capsule K....

In the US Carbapenem resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kp) is primarily attributed to presence of genes blaKPC-2 and blaKPC-3, which are transmitted via plasmids. Carbapenem-resistant Kp (CR-Kp) infections associated with hospital outbreaks. They difficult treat, high mortality rates prompting studies how obtained. this study, we determined CRISPR-Cas 304 clinical strains. The system has been found prevent spread plasmids bacteriophages, therefore limits horizontal gene transfer mediated...

Similar to other yeasts, the human pathogen Candida glabrata ages when it undergoes asymmetric, finite cell divisions, which determines its replicative lifespan. We sought investigate if and how aging changes resilience of C. populations in host environment. Our data demonstrate that old are more resistant hydrogen peroxide neutrophil killing, whereas young cells adhere better epithelial layers. Consequently, virulence compared younger is enhanced Galleria mellonella infection model....

Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) have the potential to assist in battle against multidrug-resistant bacteria such as carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR-Kp). However, characteristics by which these (Abs) function, role of antibody subclass, must be determined before modalities can carried from bench bedside. We performed a subclass switch on anticapsular monoclonal murine IgG3 (mIgG3) hybridomas and identified purified IgG1 (mIgG1) hybridoma line through sib selection. then compared...

During 2021-2022 many countries in the European region of World Health Organization (WHO) adopted mandatory and incentive-based vaccination measures to stimulate immunization against COVID-19. The ranged from positive programs (i.e., cash incentives, meal discounts, lotteries) introducing COVID-19 certificates enforcing universal with fines. We assessed effect such interventions on vaccine uptake population eight within region. An interrupted time series (ITS) analysis was performed using an...

Bacterial toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems encode two proteins, a potent inhibitor of cell proliferation (toxin) and its specific antidote (antitoxin). Structural data has revealed striking similarities between the model TA toxins CcdB, DNA gyrase encoded by ccd system plasmid F, Kid, site-specific endoribonuclease parD R1. While common structural fold seemed at odds with clearly different modes action these toxins, possibility functional crosstalk systems, which would further point to their...

Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae is a rapidly emerging public health threat that can cause fatal infections in up to 50% of affected patients. Due its resistance nearly all antimicrobials, development alternate therapies like antibodies and vaccines urgently needed.

The chromosome of the pathogenic Gram-positive bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae contains between six to 10 operons encoding toxin-antitoxin systems (TAS). TAS are widespread and redundant in bacteria archaea their role, albeit still obscure, may be related important aspects lifestyle like response stress. One most abundant is relBE family, being present many archaea. Because high rates morbility mortality caused by S. pneumoniae, it has been interesting gain knowledge on pneumococcal TAS,...

Kid, the toxin of parD ( kis , kid ) maintenance system plasmid R1, is an endoribonuclease that preferentially cleaves RNA at 5′ A in core sequence 5′‐UA(A/C)‐3′. model Kid interacting with uncleavable mimetic 5′‐AdUACA‐3′ available. To evaluate this model, a significant collection mutants some key residues proposed to be involved binding (T46, A55, T69 and R85) or cleavage (R73, D75 H17) were analysed by mass spectrometry assays. pair substrates, 5′‐AUACA‐3′, its 5′‐AdUACA‐3′, used...

Toxin-antitoxin systems (TAS) emerged more than 25 years ago and have since developed as an important field in molecular microbiology. TAS are autoregulated operons coding a stable toxin unstable antitoxin found the plasmids chromosomes of Bacteria Archaea. The conditional activation their toxins interferes with cell growth/viability and, depending on context, can influence plasmid maintenance, stress management, bacterial persistence, differentiation it is likely also virulence. This review...

Neonatal sepsis and its accompanying inflammatory response contribute to substantial morbidity mortality. Pentoxifylline (PTX), a phosphodiesterase inhibitor which suppresses transcription production of proinflammatory cytokines, is candidate adjunctive therapy for newborn sepsis.

Summary Novel mutations in prfA , the gene for polypeptide release factor RF1 of Escherichia coli were isolated using a positive genetic screen based on parD ( kis kid ) toxin–antitoxin system. This original approach allowed direct selection mutants with altered translational termination efficiency at UAG codons. The displayed ∼10‐fold decrease no significant changes stability vivo . All three mutations, G121S, G301S and R303H, situated close to nonsense codon recognition site RF1:ribosome...

Abstract Hospital‐acquired infections are an increasingly serious health concern. Infections caused by carpabenem‐resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR‐ Kp ) especially problematic, with a 50 % average survival rate. CR‐ isolated from patients ever greater frequency, 7 within the EU but 62 in Greece. At time when antibiotics becoming less effective, no vaccines to protect this severe bacterial infection exist. Herein, we describe convergent [3+3] synthesis of hexasaccharide repeating unit its...

Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused more than 675 million confirmed cases and nearly 7 deaths worldwide [1]. While testing for COVID-19 was initially centered in health care facilities, with required reporting to departments, it is increasingly being performed the home rapid antigen [2]. Most at-home tests are self-interpreted not reported a provider or department, which could lead delayed underreporting of [3]. As such, there strong possibility that may...

is a highly infective Gram-positive bacterial pathogen that causes wide range of diseases in both healthy and immunocompromised individuals. It can evade host immune defenses by expressing numerous virulence factors toxins. Coupled with the inability human to develop protective immunity against