Abstract Morphogenetic epithelial movement occurs during embryogenesis and drives complex tissue formation. However, how cells coordinate their unidirectional while maintaining integrity is unclear. Here we propose a novel mechanism for collective cell based on Drosophila genitalia rotation, in which rotates clockwise around the genitalia. We found that this autonomously requires myosin II. The moving exhibit repeated left–right-biased junction remodelling, adhesion with neighbours,...

Abstract The dynamic interaction between the traveling charges and molecular vibrations is critical for charge transport in organic semiconductors. However, a direct evidence of expected impact charge-phonon coupling on band dispersion semiconductors yet to be provided. Here, we report electronic properties rubrene single crystal as investigated by angle resolved ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. A gap opening kink-like features are observed. In particular, latter results large...

Transport networks spanning the entire body of an organism are key infrastructures for achieving a functional system and facilitating distribution nutrients signals. The large amoeba-like Physarum polycephalum has gained attention as useful model studying biological transport owing to its visible rapidly adapting vein structure. Using particle-tracking velocimetry, we measured flow velocity protoplasmic streaming over plasmodia during development intricate network. Based on these...

During early development, epithelial cells form a monolayer sheet and migrate in uniform direction. Here, we address how this collective migration can occur without breaking the cell-to-cell attachments. Repeated contraction expansion of interfaces enables to rearrange their positions autonomously within sheet. We show that when interface tension is strengthened direction tilted from body axis, cell rearrangements such way unidirectional movement induced. use vertex model demonstrate...

Transport networks are ubiquitous in multicellular organisms and include leaf veins, fungal mycelia blood vessels. While transport of materials signals through the network plays a crucial role maintaining living system, capacity can best be understood terms hydrodynamics. We report here that plasmodium from large, single-celled amoeboid Physarum was able to construct hydrodynamically optimized vein-network when evacuating biomass confined arenas various shapes narrow exit. Increasingly thick...

Maintaining lineage restriction boundaries in proliferating tissues is vital to animal development. A long-standing thermodynamics theory, the differential adhesion hypothesis, attributes cell sorting phenomena differentially expressed molecules. However, contribution of system during tissue morphogenesis has been unsubstantiated despite substantial theoretical support. Here, we report that Toll-1, a transmembrane receptor protein, acts as molecule straightens fluctuating anteroposterior...

Protists ubiquitously live in nature and play key roles the food web chain. Their habitats consist of various geometrical structures, such as porous media rigid surfaces, affecting their motilities. A kind protist, Stentor coeruleus, exhibits free swimming adhering for feeding. Under environmental culture conditions, these organisms are often found sediments with complex geometries. The determination anchoring location is essential lives. However, factors that induce behavioral transition...

We produced disseminated trichosporonosis in a neutropenic murine model with Trichosporon asahii, which was identified by DNA relatedness analysis. then assessed the efficacy of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) (30 to 100 microg/kg body weight per day) and granulocyte-macrophage (GM-CSF) (0.8 2 x day). The administration G-CSF either before or after infection improved survival rate from less than 25% up 100% (P < 0.05). effects on organ clearance histological examinations...

The vertex model is a useful mathematical to describe the dynamics of epithelial cell sheets. However, existing models do not distinguish contraction forces on boundary from adhesion between cells, employing single parameter express both. In this paper, we introduce rest length and its into model, giving novel formulation that treats separately force strength cells. We apply phenomenon compartment in fruit fly pupa, recapturing observation increasing cells straightens boundary, even though...

p120 is a nucleolar proliferating antigen which expressed in tumor cells but not normal resting cells. The expression and localization of human gliomas were studied by Northern blot analysis, Western analysis immunohistochemistry. All five the glioma cell lines all specimens we investigated at both mRNA protein levels. was detected adjacent brain tissues. A ribozyme vector constructed to cleave first GUC sequence coding region mRNA. This transfected into line SF188, expresses p120. reduced...

The mechanisms underlying the therapeutic efficacy of erythromycin (EM) in diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB) was investigated. For this purpose, an experimental rabbit model DPB induced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa inoculation employed. Daily administration EM (3 mg·kg·day −1 ) led to increase number macrophages bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) at early phase, while reducing size granulomatous lesions late phase without affecting viable bacteria recovered from infected lung. Reverse...

Vein networks span the whole body of amoeboid organism in plasmodial slime mould Physarum polycephalum, and network topology is rearranged within an hour response to spatio-temporal variations environment. It has been reported that this tube morphogenesis capable solving mazes, a mathematical model, named 'current reinforcement rule', was proposed based on adaptability veins. Although it known model works well for reproducing some key characters organism's maze-solving behaviour, one...

Three novel isoforms of the neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2) gene transcripts generated from alternative splicing were identified normal human brain, schwannoma and glioma tissues. The 3 lack exon 2, exons 3, 2-4, respectively. Recombinant isoform proteins encoded by those new have lost previously reported ability to bind S-35-methionine labeled cellular proteins. Two seven glioblastoma tissues expressed significantly high levels shorter whereas low grade astrocytomas similar found in suggesting...

Many fundamental biological processes are dependent on cellular migration. Although the mechanical mechanisms of single-cell migration relatively well understood, those underlying multiple cells adhered to each other in a cluster, referred as cluster migration, poorly understood. A key reason for this knowledge gap is that many forces-including contraction forces from actomyosin networks, hydrostatic pressure cytosol, frictional substrate, and adjacent cells-contribute cell movement, making...

ABSTRACT For organisms that respond to environmental stimuli using taxes, reversal of the tactic sign should be tightly regulated for survival. The biciliate green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is an excellent model studying between positive and negative phototaxis. C. cells change swimming direction by modulating balance beating forces their two cilia after photoreception at eyespot; however, it remains unknown how they reverse phototactic sign. In this study, we observed undergoing turns...

Transition from opening‐mode wing crack growth to shear type fracture has been investigated by conducting triaxial compression tests under confining pressures, using epoxy resin cylindrical specimens. The used exhibited viscoplastic deformation characteristics which is expected simulate the nonlinear observed commonly for rocks at great depths and provide useful insight in understanding of transition rocks. Under range 10 MPa–30 MPa, an array cracks were initiated a preexisting inclined...