A5014861520- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Social and Economic Development in India
- Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare
- Fecal contamination and water quality
- Vector-borne infectious diseases
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Infection Control in Healthcare
- Wastewater Treatment and Reuse
- Pediatric health and respiratory diseases
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Menstrual Health and Disorders
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Zoonotic diseases and public health
- Climate Change and Health Impacts
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Malaria Research and Control
- Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Lymphoma Diagnosis and Treatment
- Oxidative Organic Chemistry Reactions
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
2016-2025
Environmental Health
2007-2025
University of London
2009-2022
Christian Medical College & Hospital
2019-2021
Christian Medical College
2019
Nagasaki University
2010-2013
National Institute of Infectious Diseases
2012
National Center for Global Health and Medicine
2012
Hokkaido University
2012
Unilever (United Kingdom)
2009
A third of the 2·5 billion people worldwide without access to improved sanitation live in India, as do two-thirds 1·1 practising open defecation and a quarter 1·5 million who die annually from diarrhoeal diseases. We aimed assess effectiveness rural intervention, within context Government India's Total Sanitation Campaign, prevent diarrhoea, soil-transmitted helminth infection, child malnutrition.We did cluster-randomised controlled trial between May 20, 2010, Dec 22, 2013, 100 villages...
Handwashing is thought to be effective for the prevention of transmission diarrhoea pathogens. However it not conclusive that handwashing with soap more at reducing contamination bacteria associated than using water only. In this study 20 volunteers contaminated their hands deliberately by touching door handles and railings in public spaces. They were then allocated random (1) water, (2) non-antibacterial (3) no handwashing. Each volunteer underwent procedure 24 times, yielding 480 samples...
Aedes aegypti, the major vector of dengue viruses, often breeds in water storage containers used by households without tap supply, and occurs high numbers even dense urban areas. We analysed interaction between human population density lack as a cause fever outbreaks with aim identifying geographic areas at highest risk.
BackgroundDiarrhoea and respiratory infections are the two biggest causes of child death globally. Handwashing with soap could substantially reduce diarrhoea infections, but prevalence adequate handwashing is low. We tested whether a scalable village-level intervention based on emotional drivers behaviour, rather than knowledge, improve behaviour in rural India.MethodsThe study was done Chittoor district southern Andhra Pradesh, India, between May 24, 2011, Sept 10, 2012. Eligible villages...
Open defecation is widely practiced in India. To improve sanitation and promote better health, the Government of India (GOI) has instituted large scale programmes supporting construction public institutional toilets extending financial subsidies for poor families rural areas building individual household latrines. Nevertheless, many latrines India, built with government facilitation support non-government organizations (NGO), remain unused. Literature on social, cultural behavioural aspects...
The interplay between nasopharyngeal bacterial carriage, viral coinfection, and lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) is poorly understood. We explored this association in Vietnamese children aged less than 5 years.A hospital-based case-control study of pediatric LRTIs was conducted Nha Trang, Vietnam. A total 550 hospitalized (274 radiologically confirmed pneumonia [RCP] 276 other LRTIs) were enrolled 350 healthy controls randomly selected from the community. Polymerase chain...
Objectives. We pretested interventions derived from different domains of behavior change theory to determine their effectiveness at increasing hand washing with soap in a natural setting. Methods. installed wireless devices highway service station restrooms record entry and use. Two text-only messages for each 7 psychological were compared effect on soap-use rates. collected data nearly 200 000 restroom uses. Results. The knowledge activation domain was most effective women, relative...
After a typhoon in September 2009, an outbreak of leptospirosis occurred Metro Manila, the Philippines; 471 patients were hospitalized and 51 (10.8%) died. A hospital-based investigation found risk factors associated with fatal infection to be older age, hemoptysis, anuria, jaundice, delayed treatment antimicrobial drugs.
Summary Objective To compare the results obtained from 26 proxy indicators of domestic hand‐washing practices with those direct, ‘structured’ observation in a sample 387 households and to assess potential these for use evaluation hygiene promotion campaigns. Methods Fieldwork rural India between February 2005 April 2006. Household‐level data on availability soap water were collected by structured observation, questionnaire survey, pocket voting, hand‐wash demonstration environmental check....
Efforts to eradicate open defecation and improve sanitation access are unlikely achieve health benefits unless interventions reduce microbial exposures. This study assessed human fecal contamination pathogen exposures in rural India, the effect of increased coverage on exposure rates. In a cross-sectional 60 villages cluster-randomized controlled trial Odisha, domestic animal was measured community tubewells ponds (n = 301) via pathways homes 354), using Bacteroidales source tracking markers...
AbstractIn this study, we report on the results of a trial an intervention to improve five food hygiene behaviors among mothers young children in rural Nepal. This novel targeted behaviors; cleanliness serving utensils, handwashing with soap before feeding, proper storage cooked food, and thorough reheating water treatment. Based formative research creative process using Behavior-Centered Design approach, innovative package was designed delivered over period 3 months. The activities included...
Carrying water may be a major contributor to disability from musculoskeletal disorders in low
We conducted a controlled before-and-after trial to evaluate the impact of an onsite urban sanitation intervention on prevalence enteric infection, soil transmitted helminth re-infection, and diarrhea among children in Maputo, Mozambique. A non-governmental organization replaced existing poor-quality latrines with pour-flush toilets septic tanks serving household clusters. enrolled aged 1–48 months at baseline measured outcomes before 12 24 after intervention, concurrent measurement...
Poor knowledge and management of menstruation impacts girls’ school attendance academic performance. This paper aims to explore how menstrual hygiene practices related factors influence absenteeism drop-out among primary secondary girls in rural Gambia. Mixed-method studies were conducted students key informants from 19 schools July 2015–December 2017. Focus group discussions, in-depth interviews, cross-sectional surveys, diaries, water, sanitation (WASH) facility observations used. Key...
Background Children in low-income settings suffering from frequent diarrhoea episodes are also at a high risk of acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI). We explored whether this is due to common factors for both conditions or can increase the ALRI directly. Methods used dynamic time-to-event analysis data two large child studies Ghana and Brazil, with cumulative prevalence over 2 weeks as exposure severe outcome. The was adjusted baseline diarrhoea, seasonality age. Results population had...
Summary Objective To investigate the effectiveness of a hygiene promotion intervention based on germ awareness in increasing handwashing with soap key occasions (after faecal contact and before eating) rural Indian households. Methods Cluster randomised trial five control villages. Handwashing was assessed through structured observation random sample 30 households per village. Additionally, use monitored sub‐sample 10 village using electronic motion detectors embedded bars. Results The...
In 2003-04, a National Handwashing Campaign utilizing mass media and community events took place in Ghana. This article describes the results of evaluation campaign sample 497 women with children <5 years. The unifying message across all communication channels was that hands were not 'truly' clean unless washed soap. reached 82% study population. Sixty-two per cent knew song, 44% exposed to one channel 36% two or more. Overall, TV radio had greater reach impact on reported handwashing than...