Salinity negatively affects plant growth and causes significant crop yield losses world-wide. Maize is an economically important cereal affected by high salinity. In this study, maize seedlings were subjected to 75 mM 150 NaCl, emulate soil Roots, mature leaves (basal leaf-pair 1,2) young (distal 3,4) harvested after 3 weeks of sowing. Roots showed the highest reduction in biomass, followed salt-stressed plants. Concomitant with pattern reduction, roots accumulated levels Na(+) leaves. High...

Significance Leaf phenology of temperate ecosystems is shifting in response to global warming. This affects surface albedo, ecosystem carbon balance, and evapotranspiration, the leaf climatic drivers has therefore received particular interest. However, despite considerable effort, models have failed accurately reproduce patterns, likely because mechanistic understanding incomplete. Here, we show that earlier flushing a warm winter translated into senescence even following year. legacy effect...

Date palm is an important crop, especially in the hot-arid regions of world. fruits have high nutritional and therapeutic value possess significant antibacterial antifungal properties. In this study, we performed bioactivity analyses metabolic profiling date 12 cultivars from Saudi Arabia to assess their value. Our results showed that extracts different free radical scavenging anti-lipid peroxidation activities. Moreover, differences chemical composition, e.g., phenolic content (10.4–22.1...

Drought is the most important crop yield-limiting factor, and detailed knowledge of its impact on plant growth regulation crucial. The maize (Zea mays) leaf zone offers unique possibilities for studying spatiotemporal developmental processes by transcriptional analyses methods that require more material, such as metabolite enzyme activity measurements. By means a kinematic analysis, we show drought inhibits inhibiting cell division in meristem expansion elongation zone. Through microarray...

Abstract Culturing leaf protoplast-derived cells of the embryogenic alfalfa (Medicago sativa subsp. varia A2) genotype in presence low (1 μm) or high (10 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) concentrations results different cell types. Cells exposed to 2,4-D concentration remain small with dense cytoplasm and can develop into proembryogenic clusters, whereas protoplasts cultured at auxin elongate subsequently die form undifferentiated colonies. Fe stress applied nonlethal mm) 1 μm2,4-D...

Abstract Glutathione is generally accepted as the principal electron donor for dehydroascorbate (DHA) reduction. Moreover, both glutathione and DHA affect cell cycle progression in plant cells. But other mechanisms reduction have been proposed. To investigate connection between glutathione, we evaluated cellular ascorbate concentrations their redox status after addition of to medium tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) L. cv Bright Yellow-2 (BY-2) Addition 1 mm did not change endogenous...

Abstract Climate changes increasingly threaten plant growth and productivity. Such are complex involve multiple environmental factors, including rising CO 2 levels climate extreme events. As the molecular physiological mechanisms underlying responses to realistic future conditions still poorly understood, a organizational level analysis (i.e. eco ‐ physiological, biochemical, transcriptional) was performed, using Arabidopsis exposed incremental heat wave water deficit under ambient elevated...

Oxidative stress and the antioxidant response induced by high environmental ammonia (HEA) were investigated in liver gills of three freshwater teleosts differing their sensitivities to ammonia. The highly ammonia-sensitive salmonid Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout), less sensitive cyprinid Cyprinus carpio (common carp) ammonia-resistant Carassius auratus (goldfish) exposed 1 mM (as NH4HCO3) for 0 h (control), 3 h, 12 24 48 84 180 h. Results show that HEA exposure increased accumulation...

Elevated CO2 concentrations and extreme climate events, are two increasing components of the ongoing global climatic change factors, may alter plant chemical composition thereby their economic ecological characteristics, e.g. nutritional quality decomposition rates. To investigate impact extremes on tissue quality, four temperate grassland species: fructan accumulating grasses Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis, nitrogen (N) fixing legumes Medicago lupulina Lotus corniculatus were subjected to...

Crop yield stability requires an attenuation of the reduction losses caused by environmental stresses such as drought. Using a combination metabolomics and high-throughput colorimetric assays, we analysed central metabolism oxidative stress status in flag leaf 292 indica rice (Oryza sativa) accessions. Plants were grown field were, at reproductive stage, exposed to either well-watered or drought conditions identify metabolic processes associated with drought-induced grain loss....

Cytokinins are plant hormones that regulate diverse processes in development and responses to biotic abiotic stresses. In this study, we show Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants with a reduced cytokinin status (i.e. receptor mutants transgenic cytokinin-deficient plants) more susceptible light stress compared wild-type plants. This was reflected by stronger photoinhibition after 24 h of high (approximately 1,000 µmol m(-2) s(-1)), as shown the decline maximum quantum efficiency...

As a consequence of global change processes, plants will increasingly be challenged by extreme climatic events, against background elevated atmospheric CO2. We analysed responses Arabidopsis thaliana to periods combination heat and water deficit at ambient CO2 in order gain mechanistic insights regarding changes primary metabolism. Metabolic induced extremes climate are dynamic specific different classes molecules. Concentrations soluble sugars amino acids increased transiently after short...

Abstract To understand the growth response to drought, we performed a proteomics study in leaf zone of maize ( Zea mays L.) seedlings and functionally characterized role starch biosynthesis regulation growth, photosynthesis antioxidant capacity, using shrunken‐2 mutant sh2 ), defective ADP‐glucose pyrophosphorylase. Drought altered abundance 284 proteins overrepresented for photosynthesis, amino acid, sugar metabolism, redox‐regulation. Changes protein levels correlated with enzyme...

Solubilization and ion-exchange chromatography of plasma membrane proteins obtained from bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seedlings resulted in a single NAD(P)H-O2--synthase protein peak. This enzyme showed high preference toward NADPH as substrate (reaction rate, 27.4 nmol O2- produced min-1 mg-1 protein), whereas NADH reactions ranged 0 to maximally 15% the reactions. The functions an oxidase it was clearly resolved NAD(P)H dehydrogenases identified with commonly used strong oxidants...

Using a conditional life or death screen in yeast, we have isolated tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) gene encoding phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (LePHGPx). The protein displayed reduced glutathione-dependent activity, but differs from counterpart mammalian enzymes that instead contain an active seleno-Cys. LePHGPx functioned as cytoprotector yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), preventing Bax, hydrogen peroxide, and heat stress induced cell death, while also delaying...