Detailed and standardized protocols for plant cultivation in environmentally controlled conditions are an essential prerequisite to conduct reproducible experiments with precisely defined treatments. Setting up appropriate well experimental procedures is thus crucial the generation of solid evidence indispensable successful research. Non-invasive high throughput (HT) phenotyping technologies offer opportunity monitor quantify performance dynamics several hundreds plants at a time. Compared...

Drought and salinity are among the major abiotic stresses which, often inter-relatedly, adversely affect plant growth productivity. Plant stress responses depend on type of stress, its intensity, species, also genotype. Different accessions a species may have evolved different mechanisms to cope with complete their life cycles. This study is focused lentil, an important Mediterranean legume high quality protein for human diet. The effects drought germination early Castelluccio di Norcia...

Crop yield stability requires an attenuation of the reduction losses caused by environmental stresses such as drought. Using a combination metabolomics and high-throughput colorimetric assays, we analysed central metabolism oxidative stress status in flag leaf 292 indica rice (Oryza sativa) accessions. Plants were grown field were, at reproductive stage, exposed to either well-watered or drought conditions identify metabolic processes associated with drought-induced grain loss....

Abstract The accumulation of reactive oxygen species has been associated with a loss seed viability. Therefore, we have investigated the germination ability range stocks, including two wheat collections and one barley collection that had dry‐aged for 5–40 years. Metabolite profiling analysis revealed glycerol was negatively correlated to germinate in all sets. Furthermore, lipid degradation products such as phosphates galactose were accumulated some A quantitative nonoxidized oxidized lipids...

The metabolic function of the predicted Arabidopsis tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) encoded by At5g53970 gene was studied using two independent knock-out mutants. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry based profiling revealed a specific increase in levels, supporting proposed as tyrosine-specific not involved biosynthesis, but rather utilization for other pathways. TAT activity At5g53970-encoded protein verified complementation Escherichia coli auxotrophic mutant DL39, and vitro recombinantly...

Abstract Apyrases hydrolyze nucleoside triphosphates and diphosphates are found in all eukaryotes a few prokaryotes. Although their enzymatic properties have been well characterized, relatively little is known regarding subcellular localization physiological function plants. In this study, we used reverse genetic biochemical approaches to investigate the role of potato (Solanum tuberosum)-specific apyrase. Silencing apyrase gene family with RNA interference constructs under control...

Traditional varieties and landraces belonging to the aus-type group of rice (Oryza sativa L.) are known be highly tolerant environmental stresses, such as drought heat, therefore recognized a valuable genetic resource for crop improvement. Using two (Dular, N22) intolerant irrigated (IR64, IR74) an untargeted metabolomics analysis was conducted identify drought-responsive metabolites associated with tolerance.The superior tolerance Dular N22 compared confirmed by phenotyping plants grown...

Sucrose transport and partitioning are crucial for seed filling. While many plasma-membrane-localised sucrose transporters (SUT1 family members) have been analysed in seeds, the functions of vacuolar SUT2 members still obscure. In barley grains, expression HvSUT1 HvSUT2 overlap temporally spatially, suggesting concerted to regulate homeostasis. Using HvSUT2-RNAi plants, we found that grains were also deficient seemingly sucrose-limited during mid-to-late grain Transgenic endosperms...

Complementing or replacing genetic markers with transcriptomic data and use of reproducing kernel Hilbert space regression based on Gaussian kernels increases hybrid prediction accuracies for complex agronomic traits in canola. In plant breeding, hybrids gained particular importance due to heterosis, the superior performance offspring compared their inbred parents. Since development new top performing requires labour-intensive costly breeding programmes, including testing large numbers...

Barley endosperm cells differentiate into transfer (ETCs) opposite the nucellar projection. To comprehensively analyse ETC differentiation, laser microdissection-based transcript and metabolite profiles were obtained from microdissected tissues cell morphology was analysed. Flange-like secondary-wall ingrowths appeared between 5 7 days after pollination within three outermost layers. Gene expression analysis indicated that ethylene-signalling pathways initiate morphology. This is accompanied...

To gain insight into genetic factors controlling seed metabolic composition and its relationship to major properties, an Arabidopsis recombinant inbred line (RIL) population, derived from accessions Col-0 C24, was studied using MS-based profiling approach. Relative intensities of 311 polar primary metabolites were used identify associated genomic loci elucidate their interactions by quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping. A total 786 QTLs (mQTLs) unequally distributed across the genome,...

Fumarate and malate are known intermediates of the TCA cycle, a mitochondrial metabolic pathway generating NADH for respiration. Arabidopsis thaliana other Brassicaceae contain an additional cytosolic fumarase (FUM2) that functions in carbon assimilation nitrogen use. Here, we report identification hitherto unknown FUM2 promoter insertion/deletion (InDel) polymorphism found between Col-0 C24 accessions, which also divides large number accessions carrying either or allele. The consists two...

During grain filling in barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Barke) reserves are remobilized from vegetative organs. Glumes represent the tissues closest to grains, senesce late, and involved conversion of assimilates. To analyse glume development metabolism related filling, parallel transcript metabolite profiling glumes endosperm were performed, showing that adjusts changing demands, reflected by specific signatures abundances. Before high sink strength is established storage product...

Abstract In plants, low molecular weight terpenes produced by terpene synthases (TPS) contribute to multiple ecologically and economically important traits. The present study investigates a carrot synthase gene cluster on chromosome 4 associated with volatile monoterpene production. Two mutants, yellow cola , which are contrasting in the content of terpenes, were crossed develop an F 2 mapping population. analysis revealed overlapping QTLs for sabinene, α-thujene, α-terpinene, γ-terpinene,...

Extracellular ATP (eATP) has recently been demonstrated to play a crucial role in plant development and growth. To investigate the fate of eATP within apoplast, we used intact potato (Solanum tuberosum) tuber slices as an experimental system enabling access apoplast without interference cytosolic contamination. (i) Incubation with led formation ADP, AMP, adenosine, adenine ribose, indicating operation apyrase, 5'-nucleotidase nucleosidase. (ii) Measurement nucleosidase activities...

Summary The angiosperm embryo and endosperm are limited in space because they grow inside maternal seed tissues. elimination of cell layers the coat by programmed death ( PCD ) could provide nutrition to filial organs. Using barley Hordeum vulgare L.) as a model, we elucidated role vacuolar processing enzyme 4 VPE 4) cereals using an RNA i approach targeting enzymatic properties recombinant protein. A comparative characterization transgenic versus wild‐type plants included transcriptional...

Lipid oxidation is a process ubiquitous in life, but the direct and comprehensive analysis of oxidized lipids has been limited by available analytical methods. We applied high-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) tandem mass (MS/MS) to quantify (glycerides, fatty acids, phospholipids, lysophospholipids, galactolipids) implemented platform-independent high-throughput-amenable pipeline for high-confidence annotation acyl composition lipids. contents 90 different naturally...

Abstract Heterotrophic carbon metabolism has been demonstrated to be limited by oxygen availability in a variety of plant tissues, which turn inevitably affects the adenylate status. To study effect altering energy metabolism, without changing supply, we expressed plastidially targeted ATP/ADP hydrolyzing phosphatase (apyrase) tubers growing potato (Solanum tuberosum) plants under control either inducible or constitutive promoters. Inducible apyrase expression tubers, for period 24 h,...

Downy mildew in hop (Humulus lupulus L.) is caused by Pseudoperonospora humuli and generates significant losses quality yield. To identify the biochemical processes that confer natural downy resistance (DMR), a metabolome- genome-wide association study was performed. Inoculation of high density genotyped F1 population (n = 192) with obligate biotrophic oomycete P. led to variation both levels thousands specialized metabolites DMR. We observed almost all major phytochemical classes were...

Caraway (Carum carvi) is an important aromatic plant of the Apiaceae family. Fruits and essential oil are used as spice, pharmaceutical for various industrial purposes. Cultivation endangered by on-going climatic changes so that new breeding projects necessary to secure future cultivation caraway. However, initialization programs hampered poor availability phenotypic data. To close this gap, 64 annual 68 biennial caraway accessions were phenotyped under field conditions in two years. We...

The possibility of introducing metabolic/biochemical phenotyping to complement genomics-based predictions in breeding pipelines has been considered for years. Here we examine what extent and under environmental conditions traits can effectively contribute understanding predicting plant performance. In this study, multivariable statistical models based on flag leaf central metabolism oxidative stress status were used predict grain yield (GY) performance 271 indica rice (Oryza sativa)...

Thymus spp. is one of the most important medicinal plants widely used in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. In this research, different ecotypes three species including T. daenensis, kotschyanus lancifolius native to Iran were compared two commercial cultivars vulgaris (i.e. 'Varico 3' 'Deutscher Winter') under identical conditions. Based on results, there was a remarkable diversity among species. The highest plant dry weight found daenensis (Malayer 2), (Azerbaijan gharbi),...