Probiotic microbes rely on their ability to survive in the gastrointestinal tract, adhere mucosal surfaces, and metabolize available energy sources from dietary compounds, including prebiotics. Genome sequencing projects have proposed models for understanding prebiotic catabolism, but mechanisms remain be elucidated many substrates. Although β-galactooligosaccharides (GOS) are documented little is known about utilization by lactobacilli. This study aimed identify genetic loci Lactobacillus...

The human gastrointestinal tract can be positively modulated by dietary supplementation of probiotic bacteria in combination with prebiotic carbohydrates. Here differential transcriptomics and functional genomics were used to identify genes Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM involved the uptake catabolism 11 potential compounds consisting α- β- linked galactosides glucosides. These oligosaccharides induced encoding phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase systems (PTS), galactoside...

Abstract Background Probiotic bifidobacteria in combination with prebiotic carbohydrates have documented positive effects on human health regarding gastrointestinal disorders and improved immunity, however the selective routes of uptake remain unknown for most candidate prebiotics. The differential transcriptomes Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Bl-04, induced by 11 potential oligosaccharides were analyzed to identify genetic loci involved catabolism α- β-linked hexoses, β-xylosides....

Some polysaccharide processing enzymes possess secondary carbohydrate binding sites situated on the surface far from active site. In barley α-amylase 1 (AMY1), two such sites, SBS1 and SBS2, are found catalytic (β/α)8-barrel noncatalytic C-terminal domain, respectively. Site-directed mutagenesis of Trp278 Trp279, stacking onto adjacent ligand glucosyl residues at SBS1, Tyr380 His395, making numerous contacts suggested that SBS2 act synergistically in degradation starch granules. While makes...

Virulent strains of Clostridium difficile have become a global health problem associated with morbidity and mortality. Traditional typing methods do not provide ideal resolution to track outbreak strains, ascertain genetic diversity between isolates, or monitor the phylogeny this species on basis. Here, we investigate occurrence clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) CRISPR-associated genes (cas) in C. assess potential CRISPR-based high-resolution genotyping. A...

Saccharopolyspora erythraea is used for industrial erythromycin production. To explore the physiological role of intracellular energy state in metabolic regulation by S. erythraea, we initially overexpressed F1 part endogenous F1F0-ATPase high yielding producing strain E3. The F1-ATPase expression resulted lower [ATP]/[ADP] ratios, which was accompanied a strong increase production reddish pigment and decreased Subsequent transcriptional analysis revealed that ratios exerted pleotropic on...

In recent years, a plethora of studies have demonstrated the paramount physiological importance gut microbiota on various aspects human health and development. Particular focus has been set probiotic members this community, best studied which are assigned into Lactobacillus Bifidobacterium genera. Effects such as pathogen exclusion, alleviation inflammation allergies, colon cancer, other bowel disorders attributed to activity bacteria, selectively ferment prebiotics comprising mainly...

α-Glucans from bacterial exo-polysaccharides or diet, e.g., resistant starch, legumes and honey are abundant in the human gut fermentation of fractions these α-glucans by probiotic lactobacilli bifidobacteria impacts health positively. The ability to degrade polymeric is confined few strains encoding extracellular amylolytic activities glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 13. Debranching pullulanases subfamily GH13_14 most common GH13 enzymes lactobacilli, whereas corresponding mainly α-amylases...

The organisation of genes conferring utilisation raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) has been analysed in several probiotic bacteria from the Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus genera. Glycoside hydrolase 36 (GH36) α-galatosidase encoding occur together with sugar transport systems glycoside–pentoside–hexuronide cation symporter (GPH), phosphotransferase (PTSs) or ATP-binding cassette (ABCs) highlighting diversity RFO uptake. GH36 are often clustered sucrose hydrolases phosphorylases...

The present study aimed at examining oligosaccharides (OS) for potential stimulation of probiotic bacteria. Nineteen structurally well-defined candidate OS covering groups β-glucosides, α-glucosides and α-galactosides with degree polymerization 2–4 were prepared in >100 mg amounts by chemoenzymatic synthesis (i.e. reverse phosphorolysis or transglycosylation). Fourteen the are not naturally occurring five (β-D-glucosyl-fructose, β-D-glucosyl-xylitol, α-glucosyl-(1,4)-D-mannose,...

Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM is a well-characterized probiotic microorganism, supported by decade of genomic and functional phenotypic investigations. L. deficient in lipoteichoic acid (LTA), major immunostimulant Gram-positive bacteria, has been shown to shift immune system responses animal disease models. However, the pleiotropic effects removing LTA from cell surface lactobacilli are unknown. In this study, we surveyed global transcriptional extracellular protein profiles two strains...

In vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated the prebiotic potential of isomalto-oligosaccharides (IMO), comprising α-(1,6)-gluco-oligosaccharides panose, which selectively stimulate growth probiotic bifidobacteria lactobacilli. The protein machinery conferring utilization IMO by probiotics, however, remains vaguely described. We used genomic, transcriptomic, enzymatic, biophysical analyses to explore routes lactobacilli as re­presented Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM Bifidobacterium...

Clostridiodes difficile strains from the NAPCR1/ST54 and NAP1/ST01 types have caused outbreaks despite of their notable differences in genome diversity. By comparing whole sequences 32 isolates 17 recovered patients infected with C. we assessed whether mutation, homologous recombination (r) or nonhomologous (NHR) through lateral gene transfer (LGT) differentially shaped microdiversification these strains. The average number single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) coding (NAPCR1/ST54 = 24; 19)...

Abstract Background The secondary alcohol 2-butanol has many important applications, e.g., as a solvent. Industrially, it is usually made by sulfuric acid-catalyzed hydration of butenes. Microbial production also been attempted, however, with little success witnessed the low titers and yields reported. Two reasons for this, are growth-hampering effect on microorganisms, challenges associated one key enzymes involved in its production, namely diol dehydratase. Results We attempt to link...

Germinating barley seeds contain multiple forms of α-amylase, which are subject to both differential gene expression and degradation as part the repertoire starch-degrading enzymes. The α-amylases endo-acting possess a long substrate binding cleft with characteristic subsite energy profile around catalytic site. Furthermore, several amylolytic enzymes that facilitate attack on natural substrate, i.e. endosperm starch granules, have secondary sugar sites either situated surface protein domain...

ABSTRACT Lactococcus lactis is globally used in food fermentation. Genomics useful to investigate speciation and differential occurrence of (un)desired gene functions, often related mobile DNA. This study investigates L. for putative chromosomal genetic elements through comparative genomics, analyses how they contribute variation at strain level. Our work identified 95 loci that may range over 10% the chromosome size when including prophages, display a marked analysed strains. Analysis...

Certain enzymes interact with polysaccharides at surface binding sites (SBSs) situated outside of their active sites. SBSs are not easily identified and function has been discerned in relatively few cases. Starch degradation is a concerted action involving GH13 hydrolases. New insight into barley seed α-amylase 1 (AMY1) limit dextrinase (LD) includes i) kinetics bi-exponential amylopectin hydrolysis by AMY1, one reaction having low Km (8 µg/mL) high kcat (57 s－1) the other (97 (23 s－1)....

ABSTRACT Lactococcus lactis is globally used in food fermentation. Genomics useful to investigate speciation and differential occurrence of (un)desired gene functions, often related mobile DNA. This study investigates L. for putative chromosomal genetic elements through comparative genomics, analyses how they contribute variation at strain level. Our work identified 95 loci that may range over 10% the chromosome size when including prophages, display a marked analysed strains. Analysis...