Malnutrition may be a consequence of energy deficit or micronutrient deficiency. It is considered the most relevant risk factor for illness and death, particularly in developing countries. In this review we described magnitude problem, as well its direct effect on immune system how it results higher susceptibility to infections. A special emphasis was given experimental models used investigate relationship between undernutrition immunity. obviously challenge that must addressed health...

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that involves damage to myelin sheath surrounding axons. MS therapy based on immunomodulatory drugs reduce recurrence and severity. Vitamin D hormone whose ability has been widely demonstrated, including in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), which an animal model CNS inflammation. In this study, we evaluated potential very early intervention with active form vitamin (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3)...

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an animal model to study multiple sclerosis (MS). Considering the tolerogenic effects of active vitamin D, we evaluated therapeutic effect myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) associated with D in EAE development. was induced female C57BL/6 mice by immunization MOG emulsified Complete Freund's Adjuvant plus Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Animals also received two intraperitoneal doses Bordetella pertussis toxin. One day after immunization,...

Introduction Micronutrient deficiency is observed in heart failure patients. Taurine, for example, represents 50% of total free amino acids the heart, and vivo studies have linked taurine with cardiomyopathy. Methods Thirty-four male Wistar rats (body weight = 100 g) were weighed randomly assigned to one two groups: Control (C) or taurine-deficient (T (-)). Beta-alanine at a concentration 3% was added animals' water induce T (-) group. On day 30, individually submitted echocardiography;...

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an artificially induced demyelination of the central nervous system (CNS) that resembles multiple sclerosis in its clinical, histopathological, and immunological features. Activated Th1 Th17 cells are thought to be main players during EAE development. This study was designed evaluate peripheral local contribution IL-17 acute chronic stages. C57BL/6 mice were immunized with MOG plus complete Freund’s adjuvant followed by pertussis toxin. Mice...

More sensitive methodologies are necessary to improve strongyloidiasis diagnosis. This study compared the sensitivities of McMaster modified technique and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays, both performed in faecal samples. Lewis rats were subcutaneously infected with 4,000, 400 or 40 infective third-stage larvae, considered as high, moderate low infection, respectively. Seven days later, they euthanized count adult nematodes recovered from small intestine. Stool samples used number...

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory/autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) mainly mediated by myelin specific T cells. It widely believed that environmental factors, including fungal infections, contribute to induction or evolution. Even though Candida infection among MS patients has been described, participation this fungus in pathology not clear. The purpose work was evaluate effect a albicans on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) accepted model study...

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). The persistent inflammation being mainly attributed to local oxidative stress inflammasome activation implicated in ensuing demyelination axonal damage. Since new control measures remain necessary, we evaluated preventive therapeutic potential a beta-selenium-lactic acid derivative (LAD-βSe), which source organic selenium under development, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)...

In this study, we investigated the characteristics of infection and subsequent immunity induced by Strongyloides venezuelensis in Lewis rats. Animals were infected with 4000 L3 S. number eggs per gram faeces indicated an acute phase around day 8 a recovery 32 after infection. A strong Th2 polarization during was ascertained significant increase IgG1 IgE compared that period. shift cytokine profile confirmed these findings. predominant production IFN-gamma followed IL-10 recovery. Together...

Summary According to the hygiene hypothesis, increased incidence of allergic and autoimmune diseases in developed countries is mainly explained by decreased contact between human population certain environmental agents as lactobacillus, mycobacteria helminths. In this study, we evaluated effect multiple infections with Strongyloides venezuelensis on development experimental encephalomyelitis (EAE) Lewis rats. Multiple before EAE induction were not able change evolution disease. No...

Epidemiological and experimental studies support the idea that helminth infections can induce a protective effect against development of autoimmune allergic diseases. In this study we characterized immune response induced by Strongyloides venezuelensis infection in C57BL/6 mice then evaluated previous contact with outcome type 1 diabetes. Animals were initially infected 2000 L3 larvae from S. euthanized 22 days later. An acute phase, identified high amount eggs per gram feces, was...

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common systemic autoimmune disease. It affects mainly joints, causing synovitis, cartilage destruction, and bone erosion. Many experimental models are used to study mechanisms involved in immunopathogenesis new therapies for this Proteoglycan-induced (PGIA) a widely model based on cross-reactivity of injected foreign (usually human) PG mice self-PG. Considering complexity extraction purification human PG, we evaluated arthritogenicity bovine that...

Protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM) is the most common type of malnutrition. PCM leads to immunodeficiency and consequent increased susceptibility infectious agents. In addition, responses prophylactic vaccines depend on nutritional status. This study aims evaluate ability undernourished mice mount an immune response a genetic vaccine (pVAXhsp65) against tuberculosis, containing gene coding for heat shock protein 65 from mycobacteria.Young adult female BALB/c were fed ad libitum or with 80%...

Summary Type I diabetes is a disease caused by autoimmune destruction of the beta cells in pancreas that leads to deficiency insulin production. The aim this study was evaluate prophylactic potential prime-boost strategy involving bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG) and pVAXhsp65 vaccine (BCG/DNAhsp65) induced streptozotocin (STZ) C57BL/6 mice also spontaneous type 1 non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. BCG/DNAhsp65 vaccination NOD determined weight gain, protection against hyperglycaemia, decreased...

Abstract Background Staphylococcus aureus is the most common agent of septic arthritis that a severe, rapidly progressive and destructive joint disease. Superantigens produced by S. are considered major arthritogenic factors. In this study, we compared potential five superantigen-producing staphylococcal strains. Methods Male C57BL/6 mice were intravenously infected with ATCC 19095 SEC + , N315 ST5 TSST-1 S-70 51650 13565 SEA Clinical parameters as body weight, incidence clinical score daily...

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory and demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system (CNS). Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) has been widely employed to evaluate new strategies control MS, including procedures induce immunological tolerance. Considering that skin exposure protein antigens can tolerance vitamin D analogs conserve immunomodulatory potential are less toxic, we investigated efficacy epicutaneous application a myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein...

<i>Background:</i> A DNA vaccine (pVAXhsp65) containing the gene of a heat-shock protein (hsp65) from <i>Mycobacterium leprae</i> showed high immunogenicity and protective efficacy against tuberculosis in BALB/c mice. possible deleterious effect related to autoimmunity needed be tested because hsp65 is highly homologous correspondent mammalian protein. In this investigation we previous immunization with DNAhsp65 development experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis...

Strongyloides venezuelensis is a parasitic nematode that has been used as model to study human and animal strongyloidiasis. In this study, we compared the sensitivity between traditional methodologies PCR assay characterize dynamics of S. infection its migration route in Lewis rats subcutaneously infected with 4000 L3. The was determined by counting number eggs detecting parasite deoxyribonucleic acid faeces samples. Both techniques similarly detected at day 6 after larvae inoculation....

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is mediated by CD4+ Th1 cells that mainly secrete IFN-γ and TNF-α, important cytokines in the pathophysiology of disease. Spontaneous remission is, part, attributed to down regulation TNF-α TGF-β. In current paper, we compared weight, histopathology immunological parameters during acute recovery phases EAE establish best biomarker for clinical remission. Female Lewis rats were immunised with myelin basic protein (MBP) emulsified complete...