Abstract Regulatory B cells (Bregs) suppress and reduce autoimmune pathology. However, given the variety of Breg subsets, role Bregs in pathogenesis type 1 diabetes is still unclear. Here, we dissect this fundamental mechanism. We show that natural protection from nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice associated with increased numbers IL-10-producing cells, while development NOD occurs animals compromised IL-10 production by cells. regain function if activated innate immune receptor TLR4 can...

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an artificially induced demyelination of the central nervous system (CNS) that resembles multiple sclerosis in its clinical, histopathological, and immunological features. Activated Th1 Th17 cells are thought to be main players during EAE development. This study was designed evaluate peripheral local contribution IL-17 acute chronic stages. C57BL/6 mice were immunized with MOG plus complete Freund’s adjuvant followed by pertussis toxin. Mice...

Uncaria tomentosa (Willd.) DC (Rubiaceae) is a species native to the Amazon rainforest and surrounding tropical areas that endowed with immunomodulatory properties widely used around world. In this study we investigated potential of (UT) aqueous-ethanol extract on progression immune-mediated diabetes.C57BL/6 male mice were injected MLDS (40 mg/kg) orally treated UT at 10-400mg/kg during 21 days. Control groups received alone or respective dilution vehicle. Pancreatic mononuclear infiltrate...

Type 1 diabetes is a T cell-mediated autoimmune disease characterised by the destruction of beta cells in islets Langerhans, resulting deficient insulin production. B cell depletion therapy has proved successful preventing and restoring euglycaemia animal models diabetes, as well preserving function clinical trials short term. We aimed to report full characterisation kinetics post depletion, with focus on pancreatic islets. Transgenic NOD mice human CD20 transgene expressed were injected an...

Summary According to the hygiene hypothesis, increased incidence of allergic and autoimmune diseases in developed countries is mainly explained by decreased contact between human population certain environmental agents as lactobacillus, mycobacteria helminths. In this study, we evaluated effect multiple infections with Strongyloides venezuelensis on development experimental encephalomyelitis (EAE) Lewis rats. Multiple before EAE induction were not able change evolution disease. No...

Epidemiological and experimental studies support the idea that helminth infections can induce a protective effect against development of autoimmune allergic diseases. In this study we characterized immune response induced by Strongyloides venezuelensis infection in C57BL/6 mice then evaluated previous contact with outcome type 1 diabetes. Animals were initially infected 2000 L3 larvae from S. euthanized 22 days later. An acute phase, identified high amount eggs per gram feces, was...

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common systemic autoimmune disease. It affects mainly joints, causing synovitis, cartilage destruction, and bone erosion. Many experimental models are used to study mechanisms involved in immunopathogenesis new therapies for this Proteoglycan-induced (PGIA) a widely model based on cross-reactivity of injected foreign (usually human) PG mice self-PG. Considering complexity extraction purification human PG, we evaluated arthritogenicity bovine that...

Insulin is a major autoantigen in type 1 diabetes, targeted by both CD8 and CD4 T cells. We studied an insulin-reactive T-cell receptor (TCR) α-chain transgenic NOD mouse on TCRCα proinsulin 2 (PI2)-deficient background, designated as A22Cα−/−PI2−/− mice. These mice develop low incidence of autoimmune diabetes. To test the role gut microbiota diabetes development this model system, we treated with enrofloxacin, broad-spectrum antibiotic. The treatment led to male developing accelerated found...

Summary Type I diabetes is a disease caused by autoimmune destruction of the beta cells in pancreas that leads to deficiency insulin production. The aim this study was evaluate prophylactic potential prime-boost strategy involving bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG) and pVAXhsp65 vaccine (BCG/DNAhsp65) induced streptozotocin (STZ) C57BL/6 mice also spontaneous type 1 non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. BCG/DNAhsp65 vaccination NOD determined weight gain, protection against hyperglycaemia, decreased...

Abstract Background Staphylococcus aureus is the most common agent of septic arthritis that a severe, rapidly progressive and destructive joint disease. Superantigens produced by S. are considered major arthritogenic factors. In this study, we compared potential five superantigen-producing staphylococcal strains. Methods Male C57BL/6 mice were intravenously infected with ATCC 19095 SEC + , N315 ST5 TSST-1 S-70 51650 13565 SEA Clinical parameters as body weight, incidence clinical score daily...

Autoreactive B cells escape immune tolerance and contribute to the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. While global cell depletion is a successful therapy for autoimmune disease, fate autoreactive during this treatment in diabetes unknown. We aimed identify track anti-insulin pancreatic islets understand their repopulation after anti-CD20 treatment.We generated double transgenic system, VH125.hCD20/NOD mouse. The VH125 mouse, expressing an increased frequency cells, was crossed with human CD20...

Abstract Abatacept, a co-stimulatory blocker comprising the extracellular portion of human CTLA-4 linked to Fc region IgG1, is approved for treatment rheumatoid arthritis. By impairing interaction between CD28 on T cells and CD80/CD86 APCs, its mechanisms action include suppression follicular helper (preventing breach self-tolerance in B cells), inhibition cell cycle progression holding state described as ‘induced naïve’ reduction DC conditioning. However, less known about how long these...

Abstract Background Bacterial superantigens are potent T cell activators that can activate cells with specificity for antigens of the central nervous system (CNS). In this study, we compared effect two S. aureus strains on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) development. C57BL/6 female mice were infected ATCC 51650, which produces toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1+) or 43300, does not produce toxins (TOX-). Three days later, animals subjected to EAE induction by immunization...

Cellular immunity is critical for protection against tuberculosis, but its integrity compromised during undernutrition. The present study was designed to evaluate if the attenuated mycobacterium BCG a safe vaccine undernourished individuals. An experimental model of undernutrition established by subjecting BALB/c mice dietary restriction. These animals received 70% amount food consumed healthy control group and exhibited physiological alterations compatible with malnutrition, including body...

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a demyelinating pathology of the central nervous system (CNS) used as model to study multiple sclerosis immunopathology. EAE has also been extensively employed evaluate potentially therapeutic schemes. Considering presence an immune response directed heat shock proteins (hsps) in diseases and immunoregulatory potential these molecules, we evaluated effect previous immunization with genetic vaccine containing mycobacterial hsp65 gene on...

Public interest in vaccines is at an all-time high following the SARS-CoV-2 global pandemic. Currently, over 6 billion doses of various are administered globally each year. Most these contain Aluminium-based adjuvants (alum), which have been known and used for almost 100 years to enhance vaccine immunogenicity. However, despite historical use importance alum, we still do not a complete understanding how alum works drive In this article, critically review studies investigating mechanisms...

Staphylococcus aureus is the most common agent of septic arthritis (SA) that a severe, rapidly progressive and erosive disease. In this work we investigated clinical, histopathological immunological characteristics SA triggered by an enterotoxin C producer S. strain. The effect β-lactamic antibiotic over disease evolution cytokine production was also evaluated. After confirmation ATCC 19095 SEC(+) strain preserved its ability to produce C, bacteria used infect C57BL/6 male mice. Body weight,...