The order Accipitriformes comprises the largest group of birds prey with 260 species in four families. So far, 21 haemosporidian parasite have been described from or reported to occur accipitriform birds. Only five these characterized molecular genetically. first part this study involved genetic screening raptors Austria and Bosnia-Herzegovina chromogenic situ hybridization approach targeting parasites host group. aim second was summarize CytB sequence data visualize geographic distribution...

Abstract Background Birds chronically infected with avian malaria parasites often show relapses of parasitaemia after latent stages marked by absence in the peripheral circulation. These are assumed to result from activation dormant exo-erythrocytic produced during secondary (post-erythrocytic) merogony Plasmodium spp. Yet, there is no morphological proof persistent or tissue host infections. This study investigated persistence relictum pSGS1 birds infections winter, goal detect presumed...

Abstract Background Most mammalian Plasmodium species possess distinct 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene copies, which are differentially expressed in vertebrate hosts and mosquito vectors. Although similar sequence patterns were found avian haemosporidian parasites, expression have not been studied yet. This study aimed to test whether variants of relictum SGS1 Haemoproteus tartakovskyi SISKIN1 bird dipteran vectors using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) chromogenic situ...

Avian haemosporidian parasites can cause severe disease in their hosts due to excessive exo-erythrocytic merogony and anaemia caused by blood stages. Notably, the development of megalomeronts species Haemoproteus Leucocytozoon has been associated with mortalities birds. Diagnosis lethal infections is currently accomplished detection parasites' tissue stages histological sections combined PCR sequencing. However, sequences frequently are not reliably obtained generic discrimination based on...

We present a multi-functional optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging approach to study retinal changes in the very-low-density-lipoprotein-receptor (VLDLR) knockout mouse model with threefold contrast. In retinas of VLDLR mice spontaneous retinal-chorodoidal neovascularizations form, having an appearance similar choroidal and (CNV RNV) neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) or angiomatous proliferation (RAP). For this longitudinal study, were imaged every 4 6 weeks starting...

Avian haemosporidians are widespread parasites categorized into four families of the order Haemosporida (Apicomplexa). Species subgenus Parahaemoproteus (genus Haemoproteus) belong to Haemoproteidae and transmitted by Culicoides biting midges. Reports death due tissue damage during haemoproteosis in non-adapted birds have raised concerns about these pathogens, especially as their exo-erythrocytic development is known for only a few Haemoproteus spp. More research needed better understand...

Wild birds are common hosts to numerous intracellular parasites such as single-celled eukaryotes of the family Eimeriidae (order Eucoccidiorida, phylum Apicomplexa). We investigated infection rates, phylogeny, and pathogenicity

We present a high resolution polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) system for ocular imaging in rodents.The operates at 840 nm and uses broadband superluminescent diode providing an axial of 5.1 µm air.PS-OCT data was acquired 83 kHz A-scan rate by two identical custom-made spectrometers orthogonal states.Pigmented (Brown Norway, Long Evans) non-pigmented (Sprague Dawley) rats as well pigmented mice (C57BL/6) were imaged.Melanin pigment related depolarization analyzed...

Plasmodium species feature only four to eight nuclear ribosomal units on different chromosomes, which are assumed evolve independently according a birth-and-death model, in new variants originate by duplication and others deleted throughout time. Moreover, distinct were shown be expressed during developmental stages the vertebrate mosquito hosts. Here, 18S rDNA sequences of 32 avian haemosporidian parasites reported compared those simian rodent species.Almost entire rDNAs haemosporidians...

Abstract Background Passerine birds are frequently infected with diverse haemosporidian parasites. While infections traditionally considered benign in wild birds, recent studies demonstrated mortalities of passerine species due to exo-erythrocytic development the parasites, which can damage organs affected hosts. However, remains insufficiently investigated for most and thus little is known about virulence tissue stages birds. The aim present study was investigate natural deceased Eurasian...

Abstract Background Haemosporidioses are common in birds and their manifestations range from subclinical infections to severe disease, depending on the involved parasite bird species. Clinical haemosporidioses often observed non-adapted zoo or aviary birds, whereas wild particularly passerines, haemosporidian frequently seem be asymptomatic. However, a recent study Austria showed pathogenic blackbirds due high burdens of Plasmodium matutinum LINN1, this species, suggesting that virulent also...

Avian haemosporidian parasites (Haemosporida, Apicomplexa) are globally distributed and infect birds of many orders. These pathogens have been much investigated in domestic wild passeriform birds, which they relatively easy to access. In belonging other orders, including owls (order Strigiformes), these studied fragmentarily. Particularly little is known about the exo-erythrocytic development avian haemosporidians. The goal this study was gain new knowledge infecting Europe investigate their...

Avian haemosporidians of the genera Plasmodium, Haemoproteus, and Leucocytozoon are common blood parasites in wild birds all over world. Despite their importance as pathogens potentially compromising host fitness health, little is known about exo-erythrocytic development these parasites, particularly during co-infections which predominate wildlife. This study aimed to address this issue using Haemoproteus Fringilla coelebs, a bird species Western Palearctic variety haemosporidian parasite...

Abstract Background Haemosporidians (Apicomplexa, Protista) are obligate heteroxenous parasites of vertebrates and blood-sucking dipteran insects. Avian haemosporidians comprise more than 250 species traditionally classified into four genera, Plasmodium , Haemoproteus Leucocytozoon Fallisia . However, analyses the mitochondrial CytB gene revealed a vast variety lineages not yet linked to morphospecies. This study aimed analyse discuss data haemosporidian isolated from birds family Turdidae,...

<bold>Significance.</bold> Recent Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patient studies have focused on retinal analysis, as the retina is only part of central nervous system that can be imaged noninvasively by optical methods. However, this a relatively new approach, occurrence and role pathological features are still debated. <bold>Aim.</bold> The an APP/PS1 mouse model was investigated using multicontrast coherence tomography (OCT) in order to provide documentation what observed both transgenic...

parasites (Apicomplexa, Haemosporida) are widespread pathogens of birds, with a rich genetic (about 1900 lineages) and morphospecies (178 species) diversity. Nonetheless, their life cycles poorly understood. The exo-erythrocytic stages three

Purpose: To investigate the early development of spontaneous retinal neovascularization in murine retina by a multifunctional optical coherence tomography approach. characterize involved tissue changes vivo and describe structural functional over time. Methods: A (OCT) system providing 3-fold contrast comprising reflectivity, polarization sensitivity, OCT angiography (OCTA) was utilized to image very-low-density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR) knockout mice. Baseline measurements were acquired...

The nuclear ribosomal RNA genes of Plasmodium parasites are assumed to evolve according a birth-and-death model with new variants originating by duplication and others becoming deleted. For some species, it has been shown that distinct the 18S rRNA expressed differentially in vertebrate hosts mosquito vectors. central aim was evaluate whether avian haemosporidian genus Haemoproteus also have substantially variants, focusing on lineages belonging majoris belopolskyi species groups.The almost...

Avian malaria (Plasmodium spp.) and kinetoplastid (Trypanosoma parasites are common vector-borne pathogens in birds worldwide; however, knowledge about vector competence of different mosquito species is currently lacking. For a pilot project examining mosquitoes the Culex pipiens complex torrentium for protozoan city Vienna, 316 individual were sampled months June-August 2017 around campus Veterinary University Vienna. Since avian Plasmodium can only be ascertained by finding infectious...

Diagnostic classification techniques used to diagnose cataracts, the world’s leading cause of blindness, are currently based on subjective methods. Here, we present optical coherence tomography as a noninvasive tool for volumetric visualization lesions formed in crystalline lens. A custom-made swept-source (SS-OCT) system was utilized investigate murine In addition imaging cataractous aged wildtype mice, studied structure and shape cataracts mouse model Alzheimer’s disease. Hyperscattering...

Neglected avian blood parasites of the genus