A5072227443- Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
- Genetic Syndromes and Imprinting
- Prenatal Screening and Diagnostics
- Chromosomal and Genetic Variations
- CRISPR and Genetic Engineering
- Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
- Pluripotent Stem Cells Research
- Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- RNA modifications and cancer
- Reproductive Biology and Fertility
- Renal and related cancers
- Cancer-related gene regulation
- Sperm and Testicular Function
- Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques
- Animal Genetics and Reproduction
- Genomic variations and chromosomal abnormalities
- RNA Research and Splicing
- Genetic and Clinical Aspects of Sex Determination and Chromosomal Abnormalities
- Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics
- melanin and skin pigmentation
- RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
- Cancer-related molecular mechanisms research
- Genomics and Rare Diseases
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- Ocular Oncology and Treatments
Université Paris Sciences et Lettres
2016-2025
Inserm
2016-2025
Institut Curie
2016-2025
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
2016-2025
Sorbonne Université
2019-2023
Génétique et biologie du développement
2011-2021
Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement
2011-2021
University of Cambridge
2008-2019
Hebrew University of Jerusalem
2019
Institut Jacques Monod
2004-2008
Complementary sets of genes are epigenetically silenced in male and female gametes a process termed genomic imprinting. The Dnmt3L gene is expressed during gametogenesis at stages where imprints established. Targeted disruption caused azoospermia homozygous males, heterozygous progeny females died before midgestation. Bisulfite sequencing DNA from oocytes embryos showed that removal prevented methylation sequences normally maternally methylated. defect was specific to imprinted regions,...
DNA methylation patterns were evaluated during preimplantation mouse development by analyzing the binding of monoclonal antibody to 5-methylcytosine (5-MeC) on metaphase chromosomes. Specific chromosome observed in each cell stage. A banding pattern predominated chromosomes at one-cell Banding was replaced two-cell stage an asymmetrical labeling sister chromatids. Then, proportion decreased one-half division until blastocyst stage, and became progressively symmetrical weakly labeled. Our...
Combating parasitic DNA by methylation plays an important role in repressing the expression of “parasitic” DNAs, such as transposable elements, which have invaded our genomes. Mammals three methyltransferase enzymes. Barau et al. discovered a fourth enzyme mice. The DNMT3C is duplication DNMT3B and found male germ cells. There it targets evolutionarily young transposons, there heavy burden mouse genome. methylates silences preserving fertility. Science , this issue p. 909
DNA methylation is extensively remodeled during mammalian gametogenesis and embryogenesis. Most transposons become hypomethylated, raising the question of their regulation in absence methylation. To reproduce a rapid extensive demethylation, we subjected mouse ES cells to chemically defined hypomethylating culture conditions. Surprisingly, observed two phases transposon regulation. After an initial burst de-repression, various families were efficiently re-silenced. This was accompanied by...
Chromosome synapsis during zygotene is a prerequisite for the timely homologous recombinational repair of meiotic DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Unrepaired DSBs are thought to trigger apoptosis midpachytene male meiosis if fails. An early pachytene response asynapsis silencing unsynapsed chromatin (MSUC), which, in normal males, silences X and Y chromosomes (meiotic sex chromosome inactivation [MSCI]). In this study, we show that MSUC occurs Spo11-null mouse spermatocytes with extensive...
DNA methylation is essential for protecting the mammalian germline against transposons. When methylation-based transposon control defective, meiotic chromosome pairing consistently impaired during spermatogenesis: How and why meiosis vulnerable to activity unknown. Using two methylation-deficient backgrounds, Dnmt3L Miwi2 mutant mice, we reveal that largely dispensable silencing transposons before onset. After this, it becomes crucial back up a developmentally programmed H3K9me2 loss....
Maternally and paternally derived alleles can utilize different promoters, but allele-specific differences in cotranscriptional processes have not been reported. We show that alternative polyadenylation sites at a novel murine imprinted gene ( H13 ) are utilized an manner. A differentially methylated CpG island separates polyA on maternal paternal alleles, contains internal promoter. Two genetic systems lacking methylation generate truncated transcripts undergo polyadenylation. On the...
Identifying loci with parental differences in DNA methylation is key to unraveling parent-of-origin phenotypes. By conducting a MeDIP-Seq screen maternal-methylation free postimplantation mouse embryos (Dnmt3L-/+), we demonstrate that maternal-specific exists very scarcely at midgestation. We reveal two forms of oocyte-specific inheritance: limited preimplantation, or longer duration, i.e. maternally imprinted loci. Transient and maternal germline DMRs (gDMRs) are indistinguishable gametes...
Abstract The Microrchidia ( Morc ) family of GHKL ATPases are present in a wide variety prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms but largely unknown function. Genetic screens Arabidopsis thaliana have identified genes as important repressors transposons other DNA-methylated silent genes. MORC1-deficient mice were previously found to display male-specific germ cell loss infertility. Here we show that MORC1 is responsible for transposon repression the male germline pattern similar observed cells...
Abstract The Polycomb group of proteins is required for the proper orchestration gene expression due to its role in maintaining transcriptional silencing. It composed several chromatin modifying complexes, including Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2), which deposits H3K27me2/3. Here, we report identification a cofactor PRC2, EZHIP (EZH1/2 Inhibitory Protein), expressed predominantly gonads. limits enzymatic activity PRC2 and lessens interaction between core complex accessory subunits, but does not...
Sequencing technologies give access to a precise picture of the molecular mechanisms acting upon genome regulation. One biggest technical challenges with sequencing data is map millions reads reference genome. This problem exacerbated when dealing repetitive sequences such as transposable elements that occupy half mammalian mass. Sequenced coming from these regions introduce ambiguities in mapping step. Therefore, applying dedicated parameters and algorithms has be taken into consideration...