To compare the incidence rates for AD among elderly African-American, Caribbean Hispanic, and white individuals to determine whether coincident cerebrovascular disease contributes inconsistency in reported differences ethnic groups.

The current study sought to determine if discrepancies in quality of education could explain differences cognitive test scores between African American and White elders matched on years education. A comprehensive neuropsychological battery was administered a sample non-Hispanic participants an epidemiological normal aging dementia the Northern Manhattan community. All were diagnosed as nondemented by neurologist, had no history Parkinson's disease, stroke, mental illness, or head injury....

<h3>Context</h3> Because schizophrenia and related disorders have a chronic time course subtle histopathology, it is difficult to identify which brain regions are differentially targeted. <h3>Objective</h3> To sites targeted by schizophrenia, we applied high-resolution variant of functional magnetic resonance imaging clinically characterized patients matched healthy controls cohort prodromal subjects who were prospectively followed up. Additionally, explore the potential confound medication...

The hippocampal formation contains a distinct population of neurons organized into separate anatomical subregions. Each subregion expresses unique molecular profile accounting for their differential vulnerability to mechanisms memory dysfunction. Nevertheless, it remains unclear which is most sensitive the effects advancing age. Here we investigate this question by using imaging techniques, each assessing different correlates neuronal function. First, used MRI map cerebral blood volume, an...

<h3>Background</h3> Aging is accompanied by a decrease in brain volume and an increase cerebrovascular disease. <h3>Objective</h3> To examine the effects of age, sex, race/ethnicity, vascular disease history on measures morphology, including relative volume, ventricular hippocampus entorhinal cortex volumes, white matter hyperintensity (WMH) burden, large community-based cohort racially/ethnically diverse older adults without dementia. <h3>Design</h3> The associations self-reported with...

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Although several studies have suggested that hormone replacement therapy lowers the risk of AD among postmenopausal women, few evaluated relationship endogenous estrogen levels and AD. The current study investigated whether serum estrone estradiol were related to presence women not currently taking therapy. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Using a case–control design, we examined an ethnically diverse sample who met National Institute Neurological Communicative Disorders...

We examined the neuropsychological test performance of a randomly selected community sample English-speaking non-Hispanic African American and white elders in northern Manhattan. All participants were diagnosed as nondemented by neurologist, whose assessment was made independent scores. obtained significantly lower scores on measures verbal nonverbal learning memory, abstract reasoning, language, visuospatial skill than whites. After using stratified random sampling technique to match groups...

<b><i>Objective:</i></b> To use longitudinally acquired data to establish whether aging is associated with memory decline. <b><i>Background:</i></b> Memory loss one of the most frequent complaints among elderly. Nevertheless, age-related decline remains controversial in large part because it has been established cross-sectional studies. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A total 212 community-based healthy people were followed prospectively and evaluated annually a neuropsychological battery testing...

The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been shown to have broad neuroprotective effects in addition its therapeutic role neurodegenerative disease. In this study, the efficacy of delivering exogenous BDNF left hippocampus is demonstrated wild-type mice (n = 7) through noninvasively disrupted blood–brain barrier (BBB) using focused ultrasound (FUS). bioactivity was found be preserved following delivery as assessed quantitatively by immunohistochemical detection pTrkB receptor and...

The deposition of gadolinium through ultrasound-induced blood–brain barrier (BBB) openings in the murine hippocampus was investigated. First, wave propagation simulations intact mouse skull revealed minimal beam distortion while thermal simulations, at same sonication parameters used to induce BBB opening vivo, temperature increases lower than 0.5 °C. simulation results were validated experimentally ex vivo skulls (m = 6) and vitro tissue specimens. Then, mice (n 9) injected with...

While a tumour in or abutting primary motor cortex leads to weakness, how tumours elsewhere the frontal parietal lobes affect functional connectivity weak patient is less clear. We hypothesized that diminished distributed network of centres would correlate with weakness subjects brain masses. Furthermore, we interhemispheric connections be most vulnerable subtle disruptions connectivity. used task-free magnetic resonance imaging probe networks control and patients (n = 22). Using dataset,...

<h3>Objective:</h3> Memory decline commonly occurs among elderly individuals. This observation is often attributed to early neurodegenerative changes in the hippocampus and related brain regions. However, contribution of vascular lesions, such as infarcts, hippocampal integrity age-associated memory remains unclear. <h3>Methods:</h3> We studied 658 participants without dementia from a prospective, community-based study on aging who received high-resolution structural MRI. Cortical...

A hallmark feature of Huntington's disease pathology is the atrophy brain regions including, but not limited to, striatum. Though MRI studies have identified structural CNS changes in several (HD) mouse models, functional consequences HD during progression yet to be investigated using vivo (fMRI). To address this issue, we first established and phenotype juvenile model R6/2 at early advanced stages disease. Significantly higher fMRI signals [relative cerebral blood volumes (rCBVs)] were...

The neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease include amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Tau pathology correlates well with impaired neuronal activity dementia. Focused ultrasound coupled systemic administration microbubbles has previously been shown to open the blood-brain barrier induce an immune response, which, in AD mouse model, resulted reduction brain load. Methods: In this study, we investigated effect focused at early stages tau (pre-tangle) rTg4510 model....

Abstract With the world's population aging, age-related memory decline is an impending cognitive epidemic. Assessing impact of diet on we conducted a controlled, randomized, parallel-arm dietary intervention with 211 healthy adults (50–75 years) investigating effects either placebo or 260, 510 and 770 mg/day cocoa flavanols for 12-weeks followed by 8-weeks washout. The primary outcome was newly-developed object-recognition task localized to hippocampus’ dentate gyrus. Secondary outcomes...

Abstract Background The three core pathologies of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are amyloid pathology, tau and neurodegeneration. Biomarkers exist for each. Neurodegeneration is often detected by neuroimaging, we hypothesized that a voxel-based deep learning approach using structural MRI might outperform other neuroimaging methods. Methods First, implement an MRI-based model, trained with data augmentation strategy, which classifies dementia generates class activation maps. Next, tested the model...