A5070026767- Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
- Climate variability and models
- Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
- Flood Risk Assessment and Management
- Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Precipitation Measurement and Analysis
- Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
- Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies
- Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones Research
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Hydrology and Drought Analysis
- demographic modeling and climate adaptation
- Geophysics and Gravity Measurements
- Agricultural risk and resilience
- Seismology and Earthquake Studies
- Hydrological Forecasting Using AI
- Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics
- Cryospheric studies and observations
- Landslides and related hazards
- Climate Change and Health Impacts
- Water resources management and optimization
- Space exploration and regulation
- Winter Sports Injuries and Performance
- Climate Change Policy and Economics
- New Zealand Economic and Social Studies
National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research
2011-2024
Health Sciences and Nutrition
2020
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
2020
University of Tasmania
2020
The University of Melbourne
2020
Western University
2007
Environment and Climate Change Canada
2007
University of Canterbury
2004
Attribution of extreme events is a challenging science and one that currently undergoing considerable evolution. In this paper are 19 analyses by 18 different research groups, often using quite methodologies, 12 occurred in 2012. addition to investigating the causes these events, multiple four high temperatures United States, record low levels Arctic sea ice, heavy rain northern Europe eastern Australia, provide an opportunity compare contrast strengths weaknesses various methodologies. The...
Abstract An important and under-quantified facet of the risks associated with human-induced climate change emerges through extreme weather. In this paper, we present an initial attempt to quantify recent costs related weather due human interference in system, focusing on economic arising from droughts floods New Zealand during decade 2007–2017. We calculate these using previously collected information about damages losses past droughts, estimates “fraction attributable risk” that...
In a series of 10-day campaigns in Ontario and Quebec, Canada, between 2005 2007, ozonesondes were launched twice daily conjunction with continuous high-resolution wind-profiling radar measurements. Windprofilers can measure rapid changes the height tropopause, some cases follow stratospheric intrusions. Observed intrusions studied aid Lagrangian particle dispersion model Canadian operational weather forecast system. Definite stratosphere-troposphere transport (STT) events occurred...
Daily ozonesondes were launched from 14 North American sites during August 2006, providing the best set of free tropospheric ozone measurements ever gathered across continent in a single season. The data reveal distinct upper maximum above eastern America and centered over southeastern USA. Recurring each year, location strength is influenced by summertime anticyclone that traps convectively lofted ozone, precursors lightning NO x summer monsoon flows northward along Rocky Mountains embedded...
The aim of this study is to contribute the design a reference climate station network that captures regional variability in and climatology New Zealand (NZ).We performed our analysis using Re-Analysis which high resolution (1.5km) convection-permitting atmospheric reanalysis dataset over NZ spanning ~20 years. We analysed identify regions are co-varying, have similar likely response change. To co-varying regions, we Principal Component Analysis on reconstructed it retain 95% variance. data...
During July and August, 2004, balloon‐borne ozonesondes were released daily at 12 sites in the eastern USA Canada, producing largest single set of free tropospheric ozone measurements ever compiled for this region. At same time, a number air quality forecast models run as part larger field experiment. In paper, we compare these ozonesonde profiles with predicted from several versions two models, Environment Canada CHRONOS AURAMS models. We find that show considerable skill predicting...
Very heavy stratiform precipitation (> 200 mm/per day) occurred in the Hokitika region on west coast of South Island New Zealand 18 June 2015, under north-westerlies with small CAPE (< 25 J/kg). Analyses model simulations and observations showed that this rainfall was due to cold front lifting enhanced by orographic over Southern Alps. At 1.5 km grid-length, terrain underestimated average height 103 tallest mountains ~ 800 m. This leads weaker mountain blocking, a faster-moving...
Abstract. Twice-daily ozonesondes were launched from Harrow, in southwestern Ontario, Canada, during the BAQS-Met (Border Air Quality and Meteorology Study) field campaign June July of 2007. A co-located radar windprofiler measured tropopause height continuously. These data, combination with continuous surface ozone measurements geo-statistical interpolation satellite observations, present a consistent picture indicate that number significant enhancements troposphere observed result...
Abstract Calibrated high-temporal-resolution precipitation forecasts are desirable for a range of applications, example, flood prediction in fast-rising rivers. However, observations may not be available to support the establishment calibration methods, particularly regions with low population density or developing countries. We present new method produce calibrated hourly ensemble from daily observations. Precipitation taken high-resolution convective-scale numerical weather (NWP) model run...
We document 1394 extreme precipitation events (EPEs) over Aotearoa New Zealand's (ANZ) Regional Councils between March 1996 and December 2021. The characteristics of EPEs are documented using a novel spatio-temporal framework that diagnoses the peak intensity, duration, accumulation EPE ERA-5 MERRA-2 reanalysis products. Properties were evaluated according to region across ANZ, clear regional differences highlighted. In particular, it is found duration an has stronger influence than...
Abstract New Zealand's National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research publishes climate normals for Zealand that are used reporting the regional state climate, extremes variability. Temperature precipitation patterns affected by both anthropogenic change natural variability which in turn affect climatological normal values calculated every decade. This study investigates how temperature have shifted over time at national, seasonal scales from 1941–1970 period to 1991–2020 period....
The signature of mid‐latitude convection observed by a 46.5 MHz wind‐profiling radar at Aberystwyth, UK (52.4°N, 4.0°W), is demonstrated way case study. A key feature such radars their ability to measure the vertical air velocity directly, even under conditions precipitation. Higher frequency radars, which have more typically been used for studies, net effect hydrometeor terminal velocities and motion conditions. capable observing both updrafts downdrafts, with peak order 10 m s −1 ....
Irrigation decision-making is complex. It requires balancing multiple risks . We examined if incorporation of weather forecasts into irrigation improved environmental and economic outcomes on dairy farms in Canterbury, New Zealand. focused understanding how farmers can manage with uncertain forecasts, the associated impacts drainage, pasture growth economics. Previous work had demonstrated that conditions were not used as much desirable forecast uncertainty was explicitly considered. ,...
Abstract Historically most soil moisture–land surface impact studies have focused on continents because of the important forecasting and climate implications involved. For a relatively small isolated mountainous landmass in ocean such as New Zealand, these impacts received less attention. This paper addresses some issues for Zealand through numerical experiments with regional configuration Met Office Unified Model atmospheric model. Two pairs idealized simulations only contrasting dry or wet...
Abstract. A small number of studies have indicated that reductions in the signal strength clear air returns can be observed at low altitudes regions precipitation. This study uses data from NERC MST radar facility Aberystwyth (52.4° N, 4.1° W) and co-located tipping bucket rain gauge to determine whether this effect for all periods where high rainfall rates were ground. The period selected examination includes days a peak rate 6mm h-1 was exceeded 2001. statistical VHF power during with...
[1] A hidden seasonal switching model for daily rainfall over a region is proposed where season onset times are stochastic and can vary from year to year. The allows seasons occur earlier or later than expected have varying lengths. This variation accommodates considerably more of the observed intraannual variability be represented using models with standard fixed seasons. In essence, dynamically classifies time series into whose onsets within which parameters assumed homogeneous. A variety...
Abstract Effectively forecasting and communicating flood hazards at national or continental scales is critical to reducing impacts of flooding. Yet, it remains a challenge due the predominance ungauged catchments in often complex steep terrain. We present development, communication, evaluation awareness system, Aotearoa (New Zealand) Flood Awareness System, AFAS. Forecasts are produced with an uncalibrated, semi‐distributed hydrological model, driven by high‐resolution convective‐scale...
Abstract Data from 279 dropsonde profiles collected during the Deep Propagating Gravity Wave Experiment (DEEPWAVE) over New Zealand between 4 June and 20 July 2014 were used to verify relative humidity (RH) fields simulated by regional configurations of UK Met Office Unified Model (MetUM) in troposphere. Significant RH biases (predictions up 28% too high) found middle upper troposphere this period. This bias was be mainly caused errors simulated‐specific humidity. It is demonstrated here...
Abstract. Twice-daily ozonesondes were launched from Harrow, Ontario (east of Detroit) during the BAQS-Met (Border Air Quality and Meteorology Study) campaign in summer 2007. A co-located radar windprofiler measured tropopause height continuously. Simulation results dispersion model FLEXPART, using output Environment Canada Global Environmental Multiscale (GEM) weather forecast model, indicate occurrence stratospheric ozone intrusion events campaign. This interpretation is supported by...
Abstract Seasonality is an important source of variation in many processes and needs to be incorporated into rainfall models. The stochastic seasonal models for high temporal resolution data [ Sansom Thomson , 2010] daily (T. Carey‐Smith et al., A hidden switching model multisite rainfall, manuscript preparation 2012) both depend on the specification one day year each season being particular season. So, if seasonality represented by four seasons then it necessary provide dates which can said...
Abstract Rainfall is a continuous‐time phenomenon typically characterized by precipitation states such as rain, showers, and dry whose dependence varies over variety of space‐time scales. Here attention focused on the effective identification rain shower region where these have been determined hidden semi‐Markov model precipitation. The identified provide an accurate description dynamics can be regarded close proxies to synoptic weather types same name. stochastic properties structure...