Abstract MicroRNA156 (miR156) functions in maintaining the juvenile phase plants. However, mobility of this microRNA has not been demonstrated. So far, only three microRNAs, miR399, miR395, and miR172, have shown to be mobile. We demonstrate here that miR156 is a potential graft-transmissible signal affects plant architecture tuberization potato (Solanum tuberosum). Under tuber-noninductive (long-day) conditions, shows higher abundance leaves stems, whereas an increase observed stolons under...

The carbon skeletons of over 55,000 naturally occurring isoprenoid compounds are constructed from four fundamental coupling reactions: chain elongation, cyclopropanation, branching, and cyclobutanation. Enzymes that catalyze elongation cyclopropanation well studied, whereas those branching cyclobutanation unknown. We have catalyzed the reactions with chimeric proteins generated by replacing segments a chain-elongation enzyme corresponding sequences enzyme. Stereochemical mechanistic...

Abstract Medicinally important genus Ocimum harbors a vast pool of chemically diverse metabolites. Current study aims at identifying anti-diabetic candidate compounds from species. Major metabolites in O . kilimandscharicum , tenuiflorum gratissimum were purified, characterized and evaluated for anti-glycation activity. In vitro inhibition advanced glycation end products (AGEs) by eugenol was found to be highest. Preliminary biophysical analysis blind docking studies understand...

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is responsible for proinflammatory reactions in various infectious and non-infectious diseases. We have investigated the mechanism of anti-inflammatory activity epoxyazadiradione, a limonoid purified from neem (Azadirachta indica) fruits, against MIF. Epoxyazadiradione inhibited tautomerase MIF both human (huMIF) malaria parasites (Plasmodium falciparum (PfMIF) Plasmodium yoelii (PyMIF)) non-competitively reversible fashion (Ki, 2.11–5.23 μm)....

Indian Sandalwood, Santalum album L. is highly valued for its fragrant heartwood oil and dominated by a blend of sesquiterpenes. Sesquiterpenes are formed through cyclization farnesyl diphosphate (FPP), catalyzed metal dependent terpene cyclases. This report describes the cloning functional characterization five genes, which encode two sesquisabinene synthases (SaSQS1, SaSQS2), bisabolene synthase (SaBS), santalene (SaSS) (SaFDS) using transcriptome sequencing S. album. Using Illumina next...

To combat pathogen infection, plants employ local defenses in infected sites and elicit systemic acquired resistance (SAR) distant tissues. MicroRNAs have been shown to play a significant role defense, but their association with SAR is unknown. In addition, no such studies of the interaction between potato Phytophthora infestans reported. We investigated miR160 responses P. infection potato. Expression analysis revealed induced levels both leaves wild-type plants. overexpression knockdown...

Abstract Tomato plants colonised with the arbuscular mycorrhizal ( AM ) fungus Glomus fasciculatum show systemic induced resistance to foliar pathogen Alternaria alternata , as observed in interactions of other ‐colonised a range pathogens. The role jasmonic JA and salicylic SA acid expression this mycorrhiza‐induced MIR against A. was studied by measuring: (i) activity enzymes reported be involved their biosynthesis, namely lipoxygenase LOX phenylammonia lyase PAL ); (ii) levels methyl...

Human pancreatic α-amylase (HPA) inhibitors offer an effective strategy to lower postprandial hyperglycemia via control of starch breakdown. Limonoids from Azadirachta indica known for their therapeutic potential were screened inhibition, a anti-diabetic target. Studies carried out reveal mode action so as justify hypoglycemic potential. Of the nine limonoids isolated/semi-synthesized A.indica and azadiradione exhibited inhibition with IC50 value 74.17 68.38 μM, respectively against HPA...

Breast cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed invasive cancers among women around world. Among several subtypes, triple negative breast (TNBC) highly aggressive and chemoresistant. Treatment TNBC patients has been challenging due to heterogeneity devoid well-defined molecular targets. Thus, identification novel effective selective agents against essential. We used epoxyazadiradione assess cell viability, mitochondrial potential, ROS level, migration, apoptosis protein expression in...

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers among women in India and around world. Despite recent advancement treatment breast cancer, results chemotherapy to date remain unsatisfactory, prompting a need identify natural agents that could target efficiently with least side effects. Andrographolide (Andro) such molecule which has been shown possess inhibitory effect on cell growth. In this study, Andro, diterpenoid lactone isolated from Andrographis paniculata inhibit proliferation,...

Catharanthus roseus [L.] is a major source of the monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs), which are significant interest due to their therapeutic value. These molecules formed through an intermediate, cis-trans-nepetalactol, cyclized product 10-oxogeranial. One key enzymes involved in biosynthesis MIAs NAD(P)(+) dependent oxidoreductase system, 10-hydroxygeraniol dehydrogenase (Cr10HGO), catalyses formation 10-oxogeranial from via 10-oxogeraniol or 10-hydroxygeranial. This work describes...

Tau is a phosphoprotein with natively unfolded conformation that functions to stabilize microtubules in axons. Alzheimer’s disease pathology triggers several modifications tau, which causes it lose its affinity towards microtubule, thus, leading microtubule disassembly and loss of axonal integrity. This elicit accumulation tau as paired helical filaments followed by stable neurofibrillary tangles formation. A large number small molecules have been isolated from Azadirachta indica varied...

Farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) synthase catalyzes the consecutive head-to-tail condensations of isopentenyl (IPP, C5) with dimethylallyl (DMAPP, and geranyl (GPP, C10) to give (E,E)-FPP (C15). The enzyme belongs a genetically distinct family chain elongation enzymes that install E-double bonds during each addition five-carbon isoprene unit. Analysis C10 C15 products from incubations avian FPP reveals small amounts neryl (Z-C10) (Z,E)-FPP are formed along E-isomers C5 → reactions. Similar results...

Genus Ocimum contains a reservoir of diverse secondary metabolites, which are known for their defense and medicinal value. However, the defense-related metabolites from this genus have not been studied in depth. To gain deeper insight into inducible we examined overall biochemical metabolic changes kilimandscharicum that occurred response to feeding Helicoverpa armigera larvae. Metabolic analysis revealed primary metabolism local systemic tissues O. was severely affected following larval...

Azadirachtin-A (AzaA) from the Indian neem tree (Azadirachta indica) has insecticidal properties; however, its molecular mechanism remains elusive. The "targeted and nontargeted proteomic profiling", metabolomics, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF) imaging, gene expression, in silico analysis provided clues about action on Helicoverpa armigera. Fourth instar H. armigera larvae fed AzaA-based diet (AzaD) suffered significant mortality, growth retardation,...

The Alzheimer's disease pathology is associated with accumulation of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles and extracellular senile plaques. formation initial nucleus triggers conformational changes in Tau leads to its deposition. Hence, there a need eliminate these toxic proteins for proper functioning neuronal cells. In this aspect, we screened the effect basic limonoids such as gedunin, epoxyazadiradione, azadirone azadiradione on inhibiting aggregation well disintegration induced...

Neem tree (Azadirachta indica) is one of the richest sources skeletally diverse triterpenoids and they are well-known for their broad-spectrum pharmacological insecticidal properties. However, abundance varies among tissues. Here, we delineate quantitative profiling fifteen major across various tissues including developmental stages kernel pericarp, flower, leaf, stem bark using UPLC-ESI(+)-HRMS based profiling. Transcriptome analysis was used to identify initial genes involved in isoprenoid...

The non-enzymatic reaction between glucose and protein can be chemically reversed by transglycation. Here we report the transglycation activity of hydralazine using a newly developed MALDI-TOF-MS based assay. Hydralazine mediated HbA1c, plasma proteins kidney was demonstrated in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic mice, as evidenced decrease glycation, well presence hydralazine-glucose conjugate urine mice treated with hydralazine. down regulated expression Receptor for Advanced Glycation...