Abstract Background Rapid advances in the past decade have shown that dysbiosis of gut microbiome is a key hallmark rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Yet, relationship between and clinical improvement RA disease activity remains unclear. In this study, we explored patients with to identify features are associated with, as well predictive of, minimum clinically important (MCII) activity. Methods We conducted retrospective, observational cohort study on diagnosed 1988 2014. Whole metagenome shotgun...

Abstract Cells in the precentral gyrus directly send signals to periphery generate movement and are principally organized as a topological map of body. We find that movement-induced electrophysiological responses from depth electrodes extend this three-dimensionally throughout gyrus. Unexpectedly, organization is interrupted by previously undescribed motor association area depths midlateral aspect central sulcus. This ‘Rolandic association’ (RMA) active during movements different body parts...

Stereoelectroencephalography (sEEG) is a method of epilepsy monitoring that uses stereotactically placed depth electrodes. Connectivity between brain regions may be assessed by delivering current pulse from sEEG electrode(s) and all other electrodes for Brain Stimulation-Evoked Potentials (BSEPs). However, the shape, magnitude, spectral content BSEPs are sensitive to analysis approaches used study them. In order understand nuance interpretation BSEP data, we carefully apply contrast modified...

The pulvinar has been proposed as an effective neuromodulation target for patients with posterior quadrant and temporal epilepsies. However, the a large tissue volume, multiple subnuclei, widespread cortical connections. It remains unknown whether electrical stimulation of distinct subregions affects temporal, occipital, parietal areas differently. To address this gap, we delivered single-pulse to measured resulting brain evoked potentials in twelve undergoing stereotactic EEG drug-resistant...

Abstract Background Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, autoimmune disorder characterized by joint inflammation and pain. In patients with RA, metabolomic approaches, i.e., high-throughput profiling of small-molecule metabolites, on plasma or serum has thus far enabled the discovery biomarkers for clinical subgroups, risk factors, predictors treatment response. Despite these recent advancements, identification blood metabolites that reflect quantitative disease activity remains an...

Single-pulse electrical stimulation in the nervous system, often called cortico-cortical evoked potential (CCEP) measurement, is an important technique to understand how brain regions interact with one another. Voltages are measured from implanted electrodes area while stimulating another brief current impulses separated by several seconds. Historically, researchers have tried significance of voltage polyphasic deflections visual inspection, but no general-purpose tool has emerged their...

The human ventral temporal cortex (VTC) is highly connected to integrate visual perceptual inputs with feedback from cognitive and emotional networks. In this study, we used electrical brain stimulation understand how different multiple regions drive unique electrophysiological responses in the VTC. We recorded intracranial EEG data 5 patients (3 female) implanted electrodes for epilepsy surgery evaluation. Pairs of were stimulated single-pulse stimulation, corticocortical evoked potential...

Stimulation-evoked signals are starting to be used as biomarkers indicate the state and health of brain networks. The human limbic network, often targeted for stimulation therapy, is involved in emotion memory processing. Previous anatomic, neurophysiological, functional studies suggest distinct subsystems within network (Rolls, 2015). Studies using intracranial electrical stimulation, however, have emphasized similarities evoked waveforms across network. We test whether these...

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a viable treatment for variety of neurological conditions, however, the mechanisms through which DBS modulates large-scale networks are unresolved. Clinical effects observed over multiple timescales. In some such as Parkinson's disease and essential tremor, clinical improvement within seconds. many other epilepsy, central pain, dystonia, neuropsychiatric conditions or Tourette syndrome, related believed to require neuroplasticity reorganization often take...

Mammalian genomes are folded into a hierarchy of compartments, topologically associating domains (TADs), subTADs, and long-range looping interactions. The higher-order folding patterns chromatin contacts within TADs how they localize to disease-associated single nucleotide variants (daSNVs) remains an open area investigation. Here, we analyze high-resolution Hi-C data with graph theory understand possible mesoscale network architecture domains. We identify subset exhibiting strong...

Stereoencephalographic (SEEG) electrodes are clinically implanted into the brains of patients with refractory epilepsy to locate foci seizure onset. They increasingly used in neurophysiology research determine focal human brain activity response tasks or stimuli. Clear visualization SEEG electrode location respect patient anatomy on magnetic resonance image (MRI) scan is vital neuroscientific understanding. An intuitive way accomplish this plot and labels at locations closest MRI slices...

ABSTRACT The human ventral temporal cortex (VTC) is highly connected to integrate visual perceptual inputs with feedback from cognitive and emotional networks. In this study, we used electrical brain stimulation understand how different multiple regions drive unique electrophysiological responses in the VTC. We recorded intracranial EEG data 6 patients implanted electrodes for epilepsy surgery evaluation. Pairs of were stimulated single pulse stimulation, corticocortical evoked potential...

Abstract Mammalian genomes are folded in a hierarchy of topologically associating domains (TADs), subTADs and looping interactions. The nested nature chromatin has rendered it challenging to identify sensitive specific metric for detecting quantifying their dynamic reconfiguration across cellular states. Here, we apply graph theoretic principles quantify hierarchical folding patterns high-resolution topology maps. We discover that TADs can be accurately detected using Louvain-like locally...

Cells in the precentral gyrus of human brain directly send signals to periphery generate movement and are topologically organized as a map body. We find that induced electrophysiological changes from implanted depth electrodes extend this 3-dimensionally throughout volume gyrus. Unexpectedly, organization is interrupted by motor association area depths central sulcus at its mid-lateral aspect active during many different types movements both sides

Nucleus accumbens (NAc) deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been increasingly explored as a treatment modality for refractory neuropsychiatric disorders. Uncovering the network that is engaged by DBS critical step forward in understanding how modulating this important node impacts broader mesocorticolimbic circuit. Using whole-brain clearing and unbiased, brain-wide neural activity mapping, we found NAc increases coordinated mice. Simultaneous intracranial electrophysiology recordings from...

ABSTRACT Electrocorticographic (ECoG) signals provide high-fidelity representations of sensorimotor cortex activation during contralateral hand movements. Understanding the relationship between independent and coordinated finger movements along with their corresponding ECoG is crucial for precise brain mapping neural prosthetic development. We analyzed subdural from three adult epilepsy patients electrode arrays implanted seizure foci identification. Patients performed a cue-based task...

Abstract Single pulse electrical stimulation experiments produce pulse-evoked potentials used to infer brain connectivity. The choice of recording reference for intracranial electrodes remains non-standardized and can significantly impact data interpretation. When the electrode is affected by or evoked activity, it contaminate recorded at all other influence interpretation findings. We highlight this specific issue in EEG datasets from two subjects separate institutions. present several...

Abstract Background Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, autoimmune disorder characterized by joint inflammation and pain. In patients with RA, metabolomic approaches, i.e., high-throughput profiling of small-molecule metabolites, on plasma or serum has thus far enabled the discovery biomarkers for clinical subgroups, risk factors, predictors treatment response. Despite these recent advancements, identification blood metabolites that reflect quantitative disease activity remains an...