Although a number of plant carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (CCD) genes have been functionally characterized in different species, little is known about the biochemical role and enzymatic activities members subclass 4 (CCD4). To gain insight into their biological function, CCD4 were isolated from apple (Malus x domestica, MdCCD4), chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium, CmCCD4a), rose (Rosa damascena, RdCCD4), osmanthus (Osmanthus fragrans, OfCCD4), expressed, together with AtCCD4,...

Abstract The chemical industry has flourished in the 20th century due to massive supply of cheap crude oil. However, growing concerns about dependence on imported oil and awareness that world's supplies are limited have prompted interest exploring nature's richness plant sources. Plants offer enormous potential as cost‐effective, unlimited, environmentally friendly production systems make efficient use light energy raw materials for fuels, bulk, fine chemicals. Terpenes one largest most...

Strawberries emit hundreds of different volatiles, but only a dozen, including the key compound HDMF [4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone] contribute to flavor fruit. However, during ripening, considerable amount is metabolized flavorless β-d-glucoside. Here, we functionally characterize nine ripening-related UGTs (UDP-glucosyltransferases) in Fragaria that function glucosylation volatile metabolites by comprehensive biochemical analyses. Some showed rather broad substrate tolerance and...

Fruit softening in Fragaria (strawberry) is proposed to be associated with the modification of cell wall components such as xyloglucan by action wall-modifying enzymes. This study focuses on vitro and vivo characterization two recombinant endotransglucosylase/hydrolases (XTHs) from vesca, FvXTH9 FvXTH6. Mining publicly available F. vesca genome sequence yielded 28 putative XTH genes. showed highest expression level all FvXTHs a fruit transcriptome data set was selected closely related FvXTH6...

Vinification of grapes (Vitis vinifera) exposed to forest fire smoke can yield unpalatable wine due the presence taint compounds from and release derived volatiles their respective glycosides during fermentation process or in-mouth consumption. To identify glycosyltransferases (GTs) involved in formation glycosidically bound smoke-derived we performed gene expression analysis candidate GTs different grapevine tissues. Second, substrates bushfire naturally occurring were screened with...

Geraniol 10-hydroxylase (G10H), a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, has been reported to be involved in the biosynthesis of terpenoid indole alkaloids. The gene for Catharanthus roseus G10H (CrG10H) was cloned and heterologously expressed baculovirus-infected insect cells. A number substrates were subjected assay enzyme activity CrG10H. As previous study, CrG10H hydroxylated monoterpenoid geraniol at C-10 position generate 10-hydroxygeraniol. Interestingly, also catalyzed 3'-hydroxylation...

Three cytochrome P450 monooxygenase CYP52 gene family members were isolated from the sophorolipid-producing yeast Starmerella bombicola (former Candida bombicola), namely, CYP52E3, CYP52M1, and CYP52N1, their open reading frames cloned into pYES2 vector for expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The functions of recombinant proteins analyzed with a variety alkane fatty acid substrates using microsome or whole-cell system. CYP52M1 was found to oxidize C16 C20 acids preferentially. It...

The strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) is one of the most preferred fresh fruit worldwide, accumulates numerous flavonoids but has limited shelf life due to excessive tissue softening caused by cell wall degradation. Since lignin polymers that strengthen plant walls and might contribute some extent firmness monolignol biosynthesis was studied in fruit. Cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR), cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD), a peroxidase (POD27) gene were strongly expressed red, ripe whereas second...

Summary Enzyme promiscuity, a common property of many uridine diphosphate sugar‐dependent glycosyltransferases (UGTs) that convert small molecules, significantly hinders the identification natural substrates and therefore characterization physiological role enzymes. In this paper we present simple but effective strategy to identify endogenous plant UGTs using LC‐MS‐guided targeted glycoside analysis transgenic plants. We successfully identified two promiscuous Nicotiana benthamiana...

Plant lipoxygenases (LOXs) have been proposed to form biologically active compounds both during normal developmental stages such as germination or growth well responses environmental stress wounding pathogen attack. In our previous study, we found that enzyme activity of endogenous 9-LOX in Nicotiana benthamiana was highly induced by agroinfiltration using a tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) based vector system. A LOX gene which is expressed after treatment the viral vectors isolated from...

Phenolics have health-promoting properties and are a major group of metabolites in fruit crops. Through reverse genetic analysis the functions four ripening-related genes octoploid strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa), we discovered acylphloroglucinol (APG)-glucosides as native Fragaria spp. whose levels were differently regulated transgenic fruits. The biosynthesis APG aglycones was investigated by examination enzymatic three recombinant vesca chalcone synthase (FvCHS) proteins. CHS is involved...

13-Lipoxygenase (13-LOX) and 13-hydroperoxide lyases (13-HPL) are the key enzymes for production of 'green note' compounds hexanal, (3Z)- (2E)-hexenal in plant tissues. To produce high levels 13-LOX 13-HPL enzymatic activities a biocatalytic process to generate C6-aldehydes on large scale, soya bean (GmVLXC) watermelon (ClHPL) genes were expressed Nicotiana benthamiana using viral vector system mediated by agroinfiltration. The N. leaves produced activity HPL, but not GmVLXC 13-LOX. In...

Glycosylation mediated by UDP-dependent glycosyltransferase (UGT) is one of the most common reactions for biosynthesis small molecule glycosides. As glycosides have various biological roles, we characterized UGT genes from grapevine (Vitis vinifera). In silico analysis VvUGT that were highly expressed in leaves identified UGT92G6 which showed sequence similarity to both monosaccharide and disaccharide glucoside-forming transferases. The recombinant glucosylated phenolics, among them caffeic...

Tobacco chloroplast transformation is typically achieved using dominant, selectable antibiotic resistance genes such as aadA, nptII and aphA-6. An improvement would be the combination of a marker with visual screening system for early conclusive detection plastid transformants. As such, we investigated use three photosynthesis-deficient mutants, DeltapetA, Deltaycf3 DeltarpoA, development phenotypic selection system. Mutant plants were used an alternative to wild-type source tissue...

Plant genomes contain a vast number of oxygenase genes, but only very few have been functionally characterized. To devise an alternative method for the detection novel oxygenase-catalysed reactions effects cytochrome P450 inhibitors 1-aminobenzotriazole (ABT) and tetcyclacis (TET) examined by metabolite profiling analysis in tomato fruit (Solanum lycopersicum). Treatment with TET resulted significant increases levels certain flavonoids, whereas ABT strongly inhibited their formation during...

Plants produce short-chain aldehydes and hydroxy fatty acids, which are important industrial materials, through the lipoxygenase pathway. Based on information that activity is up-regulated in tobacco leaves upon infection with mosaic virus (TMV), we introduced a melon hydroperoxide lyase (CmHPL) gene, tomato peroxygenase (SlPXG) gene potato epoxide hydrolase (StEH) into using TMV-based viral vector system to afford aldehyde acid production. Ten days after infiltration, infiltrated CmHPL...

Abstract. Witasari LD, Huang FC, Schwab W. 2022. Identification and characterization of strawberry FvGELP1 (Fragaria vesca GDSL esterase/lipase).Biodiversitas 23: 907-915. Fruit softening is primarily the result hydrolytic enzymes activity. Esterases are reasonable candidates due to their putative role in cell wall components degradation. This study aimed identify characterize a new enzyme related fruit ripening. Esterase activity was detected native PAGE protein extract isolated from...

Glycosylation of small molecules can significantly improve their physicochemical and biological properties. Only recently, decisive improvements in the biotechnological production small-molecule glucosides (SMGs) have resulted a large number these compounds now being commercially available. In this study, we analyzed physical, chemical, parameters 31 SMGs, including solubility, stability, melting pyrolysis points, partition coefficient log P, minimum inhibitory concentration against...