Mitchell Martin
A5053828149- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Bacillus and Francisella bacterial research
- Bacteriophages and microbial interactions
- HIV Research and Treatment
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Radiation Detection and Scintillator Technologies
- Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
- Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
- Particle accelerators and beam dynamics
- Housing Market and Economics
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Insurance and Financial Risk Management
- Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research
- Banking stability, regulation, efficiency
- Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design
- VLSI and Analog Circuit Testing
- T-cell and Retrovirus Studies
- Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security
Duke University
2022-2024
International Vaccine Institute
2022-2024
Sandia National Laboratories California
2018
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron BA.2 sub-lineage has gained in proportion relative to BA.1. Because spike (S) protein variations may underlie differences their pathobiology, here we determine cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of the S ectodomain and compare these with previously determined BA.1 structures. receptor-binding domain (RBD) mutations induce remodeling RBD structure, resulting tighter packing improved thermostability....
A critical roadblock to HIV vaccine development is the inability induce B cell lineages of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) in humans. In people living with HIV-1, bnAbs take years develop. The HVTN 133 clinical trial studied a peptide/liposome immunogen targeting HIV-1 envelope (Env) membrane-proximal external region (MPER) (NCT03934541). Here, we report MPER peptide-liposome induction polyclonal mature and their precursors, most potent which neutralized 15% global tier 2 strains 35%...
Aided by extensive spike protein mutation, the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant overtook previously dominant Delta variant. Spike conformation plays an essential role in evolution via changes receptor binding domain (RBD) and neutralizing antibody epitope presentation affecting virus transmissibility immune evasion. Here, we determine cryo-EM structures of spikes to understand conformational impacts mutations each. The structure revealed unusually tightly packed RBD organization with long range...
A recombinant lineage of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant, named XBB, appeared in late 2022 and evolved descendants that successively swept local global populations. XBB members were noted for their improved immune evasion transmissibility. Here, we determine cryo-EM structures XBB.1.5, XBB.1.16, EG.5 EG.5.1 spike (S) ectodomains to reveal reinforced 3-RBD-down receptor inaccessible closed states mediated by interprotomer binding domain (RBD) interactions previously observed BA.1 BA.2....
Infants and children infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 have been shown to develop neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) against heterologous HIV-1 strains, characteristic of broadly nAbs (bnAbs). Thus, having a neonatal model for the induction may provide insights into mechanisms bnAb development. Here, we describe nAb in pathogenic simian-HIV (SHIV)-infected rhesus macaques (RMs). Viral envelope (env) evolution showed mutations at multiple sites, including epitopes. All 13 RMs...
Summary A critical roadblock to HIV vaccine development is the inability induce B cell lineages of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) in humans. In people living with HIV-1, bnAbs take years develop. The HVTN 133 clinical trial studied a peptide/liposome immunogen targeting HIV-1 envelope membrane proximal external region (MPER) ( NCT03934541 ). Here, we report MPER peptide-liposome induction polyclonal mature and their precursors, most potent which neutralized 15% global tier 2 strains...
Aided by extensive spike protein mutation, the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant overtook previously dominant Delta variant. Spike conformation plays an essential role in evolution via changes receptor binding domain (RBD) and neutralizing antibody epitope presentation affecting virus transmissibility immune evasion. Here, we determine cryo-EM structures of spikes to understand conformational impacts mutations each. The structure revealed unusually tightly packed RBD organization with long range...
A recombinant lineage of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant, named XBB, appeared in late 2022 and evolved descendants that successively swept local global populations. XBB members were noted for their improved immune evasion transmissibility. Here, we determine cryo-EM structures XBB.1.5, XBB.1.16, EG.5 EG.5.1 spike (S) ectodomains to reveal reinforced 3-RBD-down receptor inaccessible closed states mediated by interprotomer binding domain (RBD) interactions previously observed BA.1 BA.2....
The details of the pediatric immune system that supports induction antibodies capable neutralizing geographically-diverse or heterologous HIV-1 is currently unclear. Here we explore environment in neonatal macaque undergoing Simian-HIV infection. infection 11 pairs therapy-naive dams and infant rhesus macaques for 24 months results 64% young compared to 18% adult macaques. Heterologous emerge by 12 post-infection macaques, association with lower expression immunosuppressive genes, fewer...
Summary The BA.2 sub-lineage of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant has gained in proportion relative to BA.1. As differences spike (S) proteins may underlie their pathobiology, here we determine cryo-EM structures a S ectodomain and compare these previously determined BA.1 structures. Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) mutations induced remodeling internal RBD structure resulting its improved thermostability tighter packing within 3-RBD-down spike. In S2 subunit, fusion peptide was less accessible...
The BA.2 sub-lineage of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant has gained in proportion relative to BA.1. As differences spike (S) proteins may underlie their pathobiology, here we determine cryo-EM structures a S ectodomain and compare these previously determined BA.1 structures. Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) mutations induced remodeling internal RBD structure resulting its improved thermostability tighter packing within 3-RBD-down spike. In S2 subunit, fusion peptide was less accessible antibodies...