A5032987491- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Marine and coastal ecosystems
- Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
- Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
- Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics
- Climate change and permafrost
- Oil Spill Detection and Mitigation
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
- Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Ocean Acidification Effects and Responses
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Cryospheric studies and observations
- Hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir analysis
- Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
- Geological Studies and Exploration
- Wind and Air Flow Studies
- Carbon Dioxide Capture Technologies
- Global Energy and Sustainability Research
- Indigenous Studies and Ecology
- Industrial Gas Emission Control
- Sustainability and Ecological Systems Analysis
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research
Los Alamos National Laboratory
2014-2023
Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust
2022
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
2021
Computational Physics (United States)
2014-2015
Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory
2012
University of Florida
2012
University of Central Florida
2005
University of California, Irvine
1983-2000
University of New Mexico
2000
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
1998
We report severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike ΔH69/V70 in multiple independent lineages, often occurring after acquisition of receptor binding motif replacements such as N439K and Y453F, known to increase affinity the ACE2 confer antibody escape. In vitro, we show that, although itself is not an evasion mechanism, it increases infectivity associated with enhanced incorporation cleaved into virions. able partially rescue proteins that have acquired Y453F escape...
Atmospheric aerosols, suspended solid and liquid particles, act as nucleation sites for cloud drop formation, affecting clouds properties-ultimately influencing the dynamics, lifetime, water path, areal extent that determine reflectivity (albedo) of clouds. The concentration N d droplets in influences planetary albedo is sensitive to availability aerosol particles on which form. Natural concentrations affect not only properties themselves but also modulate sensitivity changes anthropogenic...
Abstract This paper documents the biogeochemistry configuration of Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM), E3SMv1.1‐BGC. The model simulates historical carbon cycle dynamics, including losses predicted in response to land use and cover change, responses changes climate. In addition, we introduce several innovations treatment soil nutrient limitation mechanisms, explicit dependence on phosphorus availability. suite simulations described here includes E3SM contributions Coupled...
▪ Abstract This paper reviews the available data and models on energy material flows through world's 25 largest cities. Throughput is categorized as stored, transformed, or passive for major flow modes. The aggregate, fuel, food, water, air cycles are all examined. Emphasis placed atmospheric pathways because abundant. Relevant of urban flows, demography, chemistry discussed. Earth system–level loops from cities to neighboring ecosystems identified. Megacities somewhat independent their...
Abstract. The presence of a large fraction organic matter in primary sea spray aerosol (SSA) can strongly affect its cloud condensation nuclei activity and interactions with marine clouds. Global climate models require new parameterizations the SSA composition order to improve representation these processes. Existing proposals for such parameterization use remotely sensed chlorophyll concentrations as proxy biogenic contribution aerosol. However, both observations theoretical considerations...
Abstract The sources and composition of atmospheric marine aerosol particles (aMA) have been investigated with a range physical chemical measurements from open‐ocean research cruises. This study uses the characteristic functional group (from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) aMA five ocean regions to show following: (i) organic that can be identified as mainly primary (ocean derived) (aPMA) is 65 ± 12% hydroxyl, 21 9% alkane, 6 6% amine, 7 8% carboxylic acid groups. Contributions...
As a part of Arctic Ocean Intercomparison Project, results from five coupled physical and biological ocean models were compared for the domain, defined here as north 66.6°N. The global regional (Arctic (AO)–only) included in intercomparison show similar features terms distribution present‐day water column–integrated primary production are broadly agreement with situ satellite‐derived data. However, factors controlling this differ between models. finds substantial variation depth winter...
Abstract. Sea spray aerosol is one of the major sources atmospheric particulate matter globally. It has increasingly been recognized that organic derived from ocean biological precursors contributes significantly to composition submicron sea and may modify impacts on clouds climate. This paper describes implementation OCEANFILMS (Organic Compounds Ecosystems Aerosols: Natural Films Interfaces via Langmuir Molecular Surfactants) parameterization for emissions in a global Earth system model,...
Ozone depletion potentials indicate that methyl bromide is among halogen containing gases which may be scheduled for international level regulation. The oceanic component of its global budget currently unquantifiable because a lack surface seawater measurements. Given values internal removal and solubility, marine mixed layer modelling can set bounds air‐sea transfer. Rate constants have been measured in seawater, 0.5m NaCl distilled water attack on by the chief nucleophiles chloride ion H 2...
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRates and mechanisms for the hydrolysis of carbonyl sulfide in natural watersScott Elliott, Eric Lu, F. Sherwood RowlandCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1989, 23, 4, 458–461Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es00181a011https://doi.org/10.1021/es00181a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle...
Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) is one of the major precursors for aerosols and cloud condensation nuclei in marine boundary layer over much remote ocean. Here they report on coupled climate simulations with a state-of-the-art global ocean biogeochemical model DMS distribution fluxes using present-day future atmospheric CO{sub 2} concentrations. They find changes zonal averaged flux to atmosphere 150% Southern Ocean. This due concurrent sea ice ecosystem composition shifts caused by temperature,...
Significance Most large mammals are endangered or vulnerable across the globe. Although loss of charismatic fauna is great concern, their role in ecosystem function remains poorly characterized. Here, we quantify one potential effect decline herbivores: reduction greenhouse gas methane released as a byproduct plant digestion. We examine three time periods where large-scale losses megaherbivores occurred—the African rinderpest epizootic 1890s, massive Great Plains bison kill-off 1860s, and...
A boundary layer field experiment in the Mexico City basin during period 24 February–22 March 1997 is described. total of six sites were instrumented. At four sites, 915-MHz radar wind profilers deployed and radiosondes released five times per day. Two these also had sodars collocated with profilers. Radiosondes twice day at a fifth site to south basin, rawinsondes flown from another location northeast city three Mixed layers grew depths 2500–3500 m, rapid growth beginning shortly before...
Large‐scale transport of marine reduced sulfur to the troposphere is a key climate and global change, due influence dimethyl sulfide (DMS) on aerosol/condensation nucleus fields. The sensitivity DMS fluxes sea‐air transfer scheme has previously been studied using established climatologies or local simulations. However, planetary level cycle models are now coming line, roughly coincident, eddy correlation measurements indicate that interfacial behavior compound may be distinct from less...
An ice ecosystem model was coupled to a global dynamic sea assess large‐scale variability of primary production and algal biomass within arctic ice. The component models are the Physical Ecosystem Model (PhEcoM) Los Alamos Sea Ice (CICE). Simulated annual 15.1 Tg C; range 9 73 C estimated using in situ data. amount fixed >3 month −1 for March, April, May. Bering Sea, Arctic Ocean basins, Canadian Archipelago/Baffin Bay were most productive regions on an basis, contributing approximately...
Abstract Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) is a biogenic organosulfur compound which contributes strongly to marine aerosol mass and the determination of cloud condensation nuclei over remote oceans. Since uncertainties in DMS flux atmosphere lead large variations climate forcing, global distribution has been subject increasingly complex dynamic simulations. concentrations are directly controlled by ecosystems. Phaeocystis major producer but often omitted from reduced sulfur mechanisms. Here we...
Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) is a significant source of marine sulfate aerosol and plays an important role in modifying cloud properties. Fully coupled climate simulations using dynamic ecosystem DMS calculations are conducted to estimate fluxes under various scenarios examine the sign strength phytoplankton-DMS-climate feedbacks for first time. Simulation results show small differences production emissions between pre-industrial present scenarios, except some areas Southern Ocean. There clear...
Abstract Here we show that the addition of chemical interactions between soluble monosaccharides and an insoluble lipid surfactant monolayer improves agreement modeled sea spray chemistry with observed marine aerosol chemistry. In particular, alkane:hydroxyl mass ratio in organic matter is reduced from a median 2.73 to range 0.41–0.69, reducing discrepancy previous Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) observations clean (ratio: 0.24–0.38). The overall fraction submicron also...
Dimethyl sulfide (DMS), primarily produced by marine organisms, contributes significantly to sulfate aerosol loading over the ocean after being oxidized in atmosphere. In addition exerting a direct radiative effect, resulting particles act as cloud condensation nuclei, modulating properties and extent, with impacts on atmospheric transfer climate. Thus, changes pelagic ecosystems, such phytoplankton physiology community structure, may influence organosulfur production, subsequently affect...
We have examined differences in regional and seasonal variability among seven global climatologies of sea‐surface dimethyl sulfide (DMS) concentrations. found large between recent that typically used by most atmospheric sulfur models. The relative uncertainty (1σ/mean) the latitudinal distribution annual mean DMS concentration increases from about 50% tropical temperate regions to nearly 100% high latitudes. also compared these new measurements North Atlantic Ocean taken during 2001...
Ocean dimethylsulfide (DMS) produced by marine biota is the largest natural source of atmospheric sulfur, playing a major role in formation and evolution aerosols, consequently affecting climate. Several dynamic process‐based DMS models have been developed over last decade, work progressing integrating them into climate models. Here we report on first international comparison exercise both 1D 3D prognostic ocean Four global were compared to sea surface chlorophyll concentrations. Three local...
Journal Article Effects of Humorous Illustrations in College Textbooks Get access Jennings Bryant, Bryant 1Jennings (Ph.D., Indiana University, 1974) is associate professor the Department Communication Studies at University Massachusetts, Amherst, Mass. 01003 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Dan Brown. Alan, Alan 2Dan Brown (M.A., Western Carolina 1975), and Scott M. Elliott West Virginia 1978) are doctoral candidates same department R. Silberberg,...
Vast quantities of methane are trapped in oceanic hydrate deposits, and there is concern that a rise the ocean temperature will induce dissociation these accumulations, potentially releasing large amounts carbon into atmosphere.Because powerful greenhouse gas, such release could have dramatic climatic consequences.The recent discovery active gas venting along landward limit stability zone (GHSZ) on shallow continental slope (150 m -400 m) west Svalbard suggests this process may already...