A5003630938- Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- RNA modifications and cancer
- Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
- Cardiovascular Disease and Adiposity
- Bacterial Identification and Susceptibility Testing
- Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Cancer-related gene regulation
- Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
- Folate and B Vitamins Research
- Forensic and Genetic Research
- Genetic Syndromes and Imprinting
- Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Gout, Hyperuricemia, Uric Acid
- Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
- Birth, Development, and Health
- MicroRNA in disease regulation
- Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus
- Pacific and Southeast Asian Studies
- Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
- Diet and metabolism studies
- Homelessness and Social Issues
- Neonatal Health and Biochemistry
- Genetic diversity and population structure
- IL-33, ST2, and ILC Pathways
- Immune responses and vaccinations
Institute of Environmental Science and Research
2012-2025
Genomics (United Kingdom)
2019
National Blood Authority
2015
University of Otago
2011
Wakefield Hospital
2008
University of Birmingham
1996-2005
Environmental factors can influence obesity by epigenetic mechanisms. Adipose tissue plays a key role in obesity-related metabolic dysfunction, and gastric bypass provides model to investigate weight loss humans.Here, we DNA methylation adipose from obese women before after significant loss. In total, 485,577 CpG sites were profiled matched, loss, subcutaneous omental tissue. A paired analysis revealed differential greater proportion of CpGs are hypermethylated increased is observed the 3'...
Extracellular microRNAs (miRNAs) represent functional biomarkers for obesity and related disorders; this study investigated plasma miRNAs in insulin resistance phenotypes obesity.One hundred seventy-five were analyzed females with (insulin sensitivity, n = 11; resistance, 19; type 2 diabetes, 15) without (n 12). Correlations between miRNA level clinical parameters levels of 15 a murine model investigated.One six significantly (adjusted P ≤ 0.05) different controls at least one phenotype,...
Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is thought to be caused by T-cell mediated autoimmune dysfunction. Risk of developing MS influenced environmental and genetic factors. Modifiable differences in DNA methylation are recognized as epigenetic contributors risk may provide a valuable link between exposure inherited systems. Objectives methods: To identify changes associated with MS, we performed genome-wide analysis CD4+ T cells from 30 patients relapsing–remitting 28 healthy controls using...
Mortality from colorectal cancer is mainly due to metastatic liver disease. Improved understanding of the molecular events underlying metastasis crucial for development new methods early detection and treatment cancer. Loss chromosome 8p frequently seen in implicated later stage disease metastasis, although a single suppressor gene has yet be identified. We therefore examined genes involved progression.Loss heterozygosity analyses were used map genetic loss metastases. Candidate region...
Abstract Objective: To describe an outbreak of sequence type (ST)2 Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) detected by a recently implemented multilocus (MLST)-based prospective genomic surveillance system using Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) sequencing. Setting: Hemato-oncology ward public tertiary referral centre. Methods: From February 2022, we began prospectively sequencing all C. isolated from inpatients at our institution on the ONT MinION device, with output being MLST....
Outbreaks of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are well described in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) setting. Genomics has revolutionized investigation such outbreaks; however, to date, this largely been completed retrospectively and typically relied on short-read platforms. In 2022, our laboratory established a prospective genomic surveillance system using Oxford Nanopore Technologies sequencing for rapid outbreak detection. Herein, system, we describe detection...
Abstract Background Klebsiella variicola has been implicated in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) outbreaks previously and can be misidentified as pneumoniae . An increased incidence of K. bacteremia on the NICU our institution was notified to infection prevention control (IPC) team May 2024. The four isolates involved displayed wild-type susceptibility, so had not detected via multidrug-resistant organism surveillance. This triggered investigation with a nanopore-based decentralized...
Many hospital laboratories have technical capacity to perform whole-genome sequencing but lack bioinformatic expertise analyse sequence data. Sending isolates reference creates delays that can be highly detrimental outbreak responses. The Wellington Regional Hospital laboratory, which lacks on-site bioinformaticians, implemented real-time nanopore-based genomic surveillance has detected several outbreaks at an early stage. This required off-site analysis, often taking weeks. Solu Genomics, a...
The Rakeiora program was designed for high impact precision health research in Aotearoa New Zealand. It required a genomics platform to facilitate linkage of whole genome DNA sequencing data, healthcare records, and mātauranga whakapapa (genealogical knowledge) powerful, secure, transparently governed computational environment. A team Māori non-Māori with diverse professional cultural expertise co-developed Rakeiora; embedding te ao (Māori world) crucial, including principles derived from:...
The thrifty gene hypothesis posits that, in populations that experienced periods of feast and famine, natural selection favoured individuals carrying alleles promote the storage fat energy. Polynesians likely long cold stress starvation during their settlement Pacific today have high rates obesity type 2 diabetes (T2DM), possibly due to past positive for alleles. Alternatively, T2DM risk may simply drifted frequency Polynesians. To identify Polynesians, we previously examined evidence on...
Methamphetamine is a highly addictive central nervous system stimulant with increasing levels of abuse worldwide. Alterations to mRNA and miRNA expression within the mesolimbic can affect addiction-like behaviors thus play role in development drug addiction. While many studies have investigated effects high-dose methamphetamine, identified neurotoxic effects, few looked at that persistent changes gene regulation following methamphetamine self-administration. Therefore, aim this study was...
Epigenetic mechanisms provide an interface between environmental factors and the genome are known to play a role in complex diseases such as obesity. These mechanisms, including DNA methylation, influence regulation of development, differentiation establishment cellular identity. Here we employ two approaches identify differential methylation white adipose tissue depots obese individuals before after gastric bypass significant weight loss. We analyse genome-wide data using (a) traditional...
Abstract Cannabis use is of increasing public health interest globally. Here we examined the effect heavy cannabis use, with and without tobacco, on genome-wide DNA methylation in a longitudinal birth cohort (Christchurch Health Development Study, CHDS). A total 48 users were selected from CHDS cohort, basis their adult exposure to assessed whole blood samples, collected at approximately age 28. Methylation was assessed, relative non-users ( n = controls) via Illumina Infinium®...
The sector of the genome broad-host-range IncP plasmid RK2 from kb coordinate 54.0 to 60.0 confers an active partitioning phenotype, increasing segregational stability low-copy-number unstable plasmids. This Par region encodes central control operon (korA, incC, korB, korF and korG) associated genes kfrA, upf54.8 upf54.4. Each ORF in this was knocked out turn it shown that only incC korB are needed for phenotype. two polypeptides alternative translational starts. A deletion start showed...
Obesity, particularly visceral adiposity, has been linked to mitochondrial dysfunction and increased oxidative stress, which have suggested as mechanisms of insulin resistance. The mechanism(s) behind this remains incompletely understood. In study, we hypothesized that complex II plays a role in impaired sensitivity adipose tissue subjects with obesity. We obtained subcutaneous biopsies from 43 obesity (body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m 2 ) during planned bariatric surgery. Compared tissue,...
Epigenetic regulation of various genomic functions, including gene expression, provide mechanisms whereby an organism can dynamically respond to changes in its environment and modify expression accordingly. One epigenetic mechanism implicated human aging age-related disorders is DNA methylation. Isolated populations such as Norfolk Island (NI) should be advantageous for the identification factors related due reduced genetic environmental variation. Here we conducted a methylome-wide...
Hyperuricemia is a metabolic condition central to gout pathogenesis. Urate exposure primes human monocytes towards higher capacity produce and release IL-1β. In this study, we assessed the epigenetic processes associated urate-mediated hyper-responsiveness.
The high risk of metabolic disease traits in Polynesians may be partly explained by elevated prevalence genetic variants involved energy metabolism. genetics Polynesian populations has been shaped island hoping migration events which have possibly favoured thrifty genes. aim this study was to sequence the mitochondrial genome a group Maoris an effort characterise variation population for use future association studies. We sequenced complete genomes 20 non-admixed Maori subjects using...
Summary: The central control region (Ctl) of IncP plasmids is associated with two phenotypes: the coordinate expression replication and transfer genes; ability to increase segregational stability a low-copy-number test plasmid. This plasmid R751 shows significant sequence divergence from IncPα RK2 sequence, genes, korF korG, present in are missing Ctl. In other respects organization Ctl basically same. Although key global regulatory genes korA korB highly conserved, studies on their repress...