Near-infrared (NIR) light is widely used for noninvasive optical diagnosis and phototherapy. However, current research focuses on the first NIR window (NIR-I, 650-950 nm), while second (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) far less exploited. The development of organic photothermal nanoagent (SPNI-II ) with dual-peak absorption in both windows its utilization therapy (PTT) are reported herein. Such a comprises semiconducting copolymer two distinct segments that respectively identically absorb at 808 1064...

Optogenetics provides powerful means for precise control of neuronal activity; however, the requirement transgenesis and incapability to extend neuron excitation window into deep-tissue-penetrating near-infrared (NIR) region partially limit its application. We herein report a potential alternative approach optogenetics using semiconducting polymer nanobioconjugates (SPNsbc) as photothermal nanomodulator thermosensitive ion channels in neurons. SPNsbc are designed efficiently absorb NIR light...

Photoacoustic (PA) imaging holds great promise for preclinical research and clinical practice. However, most studies rely on the laser wavelength in first near-infrared (NIR) window (NIR-I, 650–950 nm), while few have been exploited second NIR (NIR-II, 1000–1700 mainly due to lack of NIR-II absorbing contrast agents. We herein report synthesis a broadband PA agent based semiconducting polymer nanoparticles (SPN-II) apply it window. SPN-II can absorb both NIR-I regions, providing feasibility...

Photoacoustic (PA) imaging in the second near-infrared (NIR-II) window (1000-1700 nm) holds great promise for deep-tissue diagnosis due to reduced light scattering and minimized tissue absorption; however, exploration of such a noninvasive technique is greatly constrained by lack biodegradable NIR-II absorbing agents. Herein, first series metabolizable PA agents are reported based on semiconducting polymer nanoparticles (SPNs). Such completely organic nanoagents consist π-conjugated yet...

Abstract Theranostics provides opportunities for precision cancer therapy. However, theranostic probes that simultaneously turn on their diagnostic signal and pharmacological action only in respond to a targeted biomarker have been less exploited. We herein report the synthesis of macrotheranostic probe specifically activates its near‐infrared fluorescence (NIRF), photoacoustic (PA), photothermal signals presence cancer‐overexpressed enzyme imaging‐guided Superior small‐molecule counterpart...

Detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS), a hallmark many pathological processes, is imperative to understanding, detection and treatment life-threatening diseases. However, methods capable real-time in situ imaging ROS living animals are still very limited. We herein report the development optimization chemiluminescent semiconducting polymer nanoparticles (SPNs) for ultrasensitive vivo hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The chemiluminescence amplified by adjusting energy levels between...

Abstract Regulation of enzyme activity is fundamentally challenging but practically meaningful for biology and medicine. However, noninvasive remote control in living systems has been rarely demonstrated exploited therapy. Herein, we synthesize a semiconducting polymer nanoenzyme with photothermic enhanced cancer Upon near‐infrared (NIR) light irradiation, the can be by 3.5‐fold to efficiently digest collagen tumor extracellular matrix (ECM), leading nanoparticle accumulation tumors...

Abstract Nanoparticles for photothermal therapy: Real‐time temperature monitoring is critical to reduce the nonspecific damage during therapy (PTT); however, PTT agents that can emit temperature‐related signals are rare and limited few inorganic nanoparticles. We herein synthesize a semiconducting polymer nanococktail (SPN CT ) not only convert photo‐energy heat but also temperature‐correlated luminescence after cessation of light excitation. Such an afterglow SPN detects tumors more...

Abstract Afterglow imaging with long-lasting luminescence after cessation of light excitation provides opportunities for ultrasensitive molecular imaging; however, the lack biologically compatible afterglow agents has impeded exploitation in clinical settings. This study presents a generic approach to transforming ordinary optical (including fluorescent polymers, dyes, and inorganic semiconductors) into luminescent nanoparticles (ALNPs). integrates cascade photoreaction single-particle...

Therapeutic enzymes hold great promise for cancer therapy; however, in vivo remote control of enzymatic activity to improve their therapeutic specificity remains challenging. This study reports the development an organic semiconducting pro-nanoenzyme (OSPE) with a photoactivatable feature metastasis-inhibited therapy. Upon near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation, this not only generates cytotoxic singlet oxygen (1O2) photodynamic therapy (PDT), but also triggers spontaneous cascade reaction...

Abstract Real‐time imaging of kidney function is important to assess the nephrotoxicity drugs and monitor progression renal diseases; however, it remains challenging because lack optical agents with high clearance signal‐to‐background ratio (SBR). Herein, a second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) fluorescent molecular semiconductor (CDIR2) synthesized for real‐time dysfunction in living mice. CDIR2 not only has efficiency (≈90 % injection dosage at 24 h post‐injection), but also solely undergoes...

Despite its great potential in cancer treatment, photodynamic therapy (PDT) often exacerbates hypoxia and subsequently compromises therapeutic efficacy. To overcome this issue, an organic nanoinhibitor (OPNi) has been synthesized that the additional ability to counteract carbonic anhydrase IX (CA-IX), a molecular target hypoxia-mediated signalling cascade. OPNi is composed of metabolizable semiconducting polymer as photosensitizer CA-IX antagonist conjugated amphiphilic matrix. This...

Nanomedicine have shown success in cancer therapy, but the pharmacological actions of most nanomedicine are often nonspecific to cells because utilization therapeutic agents that induce cell apoptosis from inner organelles. We herein report development semiconducting photothermal nanoagonists can remotely and specifically initiate membrane. The organic comprise polymer nanoparticles (SPNs) capsaicin (Cap) as photothermally responsive nanocarrier agonist for activation transient receptor...

Real-time multiplex imaging is imperative to biology and diagnosis but remains challenging for optical modality. Herein, a unimolecular chemo-fluoro-luminescent reporter (CFR) synthesized duplex of drug-induced hepatotoxicity (DIH), long-term medical concern. CFR simultaneously detects superoxide anion (O2•–) caspase-3 (casp3) through respective activation its independent chemiluminescence near-infrared fluorescence channels. Such crosstalk-free capability enables longitudinal measurement...

Abstract Detection of metastatic tumor tissues is crucial for cancer therapy; however, fluorescence agents that allow to do share the disadvantage low signal‐to‐background ratio due tissue autofluorescence. The development amphiphilic poly( p ‐phenylenevinylene) derivatives can self‐assemble into nanoagent (SPPVN) in biological solutions and emit near‐infrared afterglow luminescence after cessation light irradiation ultrasensitive imaging tumors living mice herein reported. As compared with...

Abstract Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) holds growing promise in deep‐seated or large solid tumor treatment owing to its high tissue penetration depth ability; however, therapeutic efficacy is often compromised due the hypopermeable and hypoxic characteristics milieu. Herein, a semiconducting polymer nanoparticle (SPNC) that synergistically enhances alleviates hypoxia reported for sonodynamic of tumors. SPNC comprises core as converter coated with poly (ethylene glycol) corona. An...

Molecular imaging in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II) provides high-fidelity visualization of biopathological events deep tissue. However, most NIR-II probes produce "always-on" output and demonstrate poor signal specificity toward biomarkers. Herein, we report a series hemicyanine reporters (HBCs) with tunable emission to (715–1188 nm) structurally amenable constructing activatable probes. Such manipulation wavelengths relies on rational molecular engineering by integrating...

Abstract Smart molecular probes that emit deep‐tissue penetrating photoacoustic (PA) signals responsive to the target of interest are imperative understand disease pathology and develop innovative therapeutics. This study reports a self‐assembly approach semiconducting macromolecular activatable probe for in vivo imaging reactive oxygen species (ROS). comprises near‐infrared absorbing phthalocyanine core four poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) arms linked by ROS‐responsive self‐immolative segments....

Abstract We have developed a nanosensor for tracking cancer metastasis by noninvasive real‐time whole‐body optical imaging. The is prepared the formation of co‐micelles from poly(N‐vinylpyrrolidone)‐conjugated iridium(III) complex (Ir‐PVP) and poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐b‐poly(N‐vinylpyrrolidone) (PCL‐PVP). near‐infrared phosphorescence emission could be selectively activated in hypoxic microenvironment induced cells. detection ability was examined cells different animal models. After intravenous...

Core-shell type 'nanoghosts' were synthesized with a drug-loaded biodegradable PLGA core and monocyte cell membrane-derived shell. The nanoghosts monodisperse an average size <200 nm, showed good serum stability for 120 h. Doxorubicin-loaded greater cellular uptake cytotoxicity compared to non-coated nanoparticle controls in metastatic MCF-7 breast cancer lines.

Despite the advantages of semiconducting polymer nanoparticles (SPNs) over other inorganic for photoacoustic (PA) imaging, their synthetic method is generally limited to nanoprecipitation, which likely cause issue nanoparticle dissociation. The synthesis near‐infrared (NIR) absorbing amphiphiles (SPAs) that can spontaneously self‐assemble into homogeneous in vivo PA imaging reported. As compared with counterpart (SPN1) prepared through SPAs have higher fluorescence quantum yields but similar...

Cancer theranostics holds potential promise for precision medicine; however, most existing theranostic nanoagents are simply developed by doping both therapeutic agents and imaging agent into one particle entity, thus have an "always-on" pharmaceutical effect signals regardless of their in vivo location. Herein, the development organic afterglow protheranostic nanoassembly (APtN) that specifically activates diagnostic response to a tumor-associated chemical mediator (hydrogen peroxide, H2 O2...