Abstract Various techniques exerting mechanical stress on cells have been developed to investigate cellular responses externally controlled stimuli. Fundamental mechanotransduction processes about how applied physical forces are converted into biochemical signals often examined by transmitting such through and probing its pathway at levels. In fact, many biomechanics studies performed trapping (or immobilizing) individual cells, either attached solid substrates or suspended in liquid media....

This paper describes development of a novel 500-MHz scanning acoustic microscope (SAM) for assessing the mechanical properties ocular tissues at fine resolution. The some tissues, such as lamina cribrosa (LC) in optic nerve head, are believed to play pivotal role eye pathogenesis.A etching technology was used fabricate silicon-based lens transducer. transducer tested custom-designed system on human eyes. Two-dimensional (2-D) maps bulk modulus (K) and mass density (ρ) were derived using...

Non-invasive human machine interfaces (HMIs) have high potential in medical, entertainment, and industrial applications. Traditionally, surface electromyography (sEMG) has been used to track muscular activity infer motor intention. Ultrasound (US) received increasing attention as an alternative sEMG-based HMIs. Here, we developed a portable US armband system with 24 channels multiple receiver approach, compared it existing sEMG- US-based HMIs on movement intention decoding.

Introduction Peripheral neuroprostheses are aimed to restore loss of sensory and motor functions by interfacing axons in the peripheral nerves. Most common interfaces electrodes that establish electrical connection with axons. However, some challenges arise related long-term functionality, durability, body response. Recently, focused ultrasound stimulation (FUS) has emerged as a non-invasive approach modulate nervous system. it is controversial whether FUS can induce axon depolarization....

Today acoustic microscopy transducers are based on zinc oxide, ZnO, films as piezoelectric material. Especially in the GHz range insertion loss of existing ZnO has to be improved for better imaging. The motivation this work was substitute by material lead zirconate titanate, PZT, with electro mechanical properties. Novel technologies sol-gel and metal organic chemical vapor deposition method (MOCVD) were used realize high frequency PZT thin film 200 ¿m aperture diameter. characterized...

A method is shown to produce silicon based acoustic lenses in the GHz-range for time resolved microscopy of biological cells. The avoids problem disturbing echoes from rim around lens cavity. Isotropic wet etched made have been demonstrated past. In this report micro machining process extended with a dry etching step avoid echo which enables use short working distance good signal noise ratio time-resolved microscopy. deepening about 15 mum moves behind target and therefore assists overcoming...

Lead titanate, lead zirconate, and zirconate titanate (PZT) films in the sub-μm-range were produced at temperatures around 400 °C using novel single-source precursors a classical thermal CVD process. The design of two bimetallic alkoxide compounds, source with almost identical physical properties complement miscibility, resulted new quasi-single-source PZT precursor, an azeotropic mixture that evaporates 30 pressure 4 × 10(-1) mbar. After treatment 650 °C, transparent (100)-oriented remnant...

<p><em>Objective:</em> Non-invasive human machine interfaces (HMIs) have high potential in medical, entertainment, and industrial applications. Traditionally, surface electromyography (sEMG) has been used to track muscular activity infer motor intention. As an alternative HMI approach, ultrasound (US) receiving increasing attention as EMG. Here, we developed a novel portable US armband system with 24 channels multiple receiver approach compared it existing sEMG- US-based...

<p><em>Objective:</em> Non-invasive human machine interfaces (HMIs) have high potential in medical, entertainment, and industrial applications. Traditionally, surface electromyography (sEMG) has been used to track muscular activity infer motor intention. Ultrasound (US) received increasing attention as an alternative sEMG-based HMIs. Here, we developed a portable US armband system with 24 channels multiple receiver approach, compared it existing sEMG- US-based HMIs on...

The piezoelectric ceramic PZT, lead zirconate titanate, is the most spread material to generate ultrasound in medical and technical applications. Thereby frequencies between 30 MHz 100 require thicknesses 50 μm 20 μm. presented gas flow sputtering process permits deposit PZT of this thickness with a rate nm/min at temperatures 520 °C 550 °C. shows typical columnar structure coefficient d33f about 500 pm/V. An example for fabrication arrays lithographic structuring given.

The availability of sound beams with its beamwidth approaching cell size is extremely important in order to apply the droplet trapping method cellular manipulation Mie regime (cell diameter >; wavelength). This can be achieved at frequencies higher than 100 MHz. We thus call ultrasound frequency range from MHz a few GHz as microbeams. A zinc oxide (ZnO) transducer that designed and fabricated transmit 200 focused beam employed immobilize 10 μm leukemia (K-562) within trap. transversely...

High-frequency ultrasound systems based on single element transducers in the frequency range of 50-120 MHz and mechanical scanning transducer. Linear arrays with electrical can be used to increase speed reduce size transducers. We present a linear array combined multiplexer channel electronics. Working at 100 MHz, lateral resolution better than μm is possible an aperture 1 mm2. The silicon micro machining ZnO membrane as active material. most important steps are deposition 26 μm-thick thin...

Sparse 2D matrix arrays represent an alternative to fully populated for a more efficient use of available electronic channels. While individually driving the elements requires electronics with thousands elements, requirements multichannel can be dramatically reduced sparse arrays. In our work, we developed and characterized array spiral element pattern. The consists 256 in 513 µm pitched matrix. An elliptical geometry was chosen view later volumetric transperineal imaging. processed on...

<p><em>Objective:</em> Non-invasive human machine interfaces (HMIs) have high potential in medical, entertainment, and industrial applications. Traditionally, surface electromyography (sEMG) has been used to track muscular activity infer motor intention. Ultrasound (US) received increasing attention as an alternative sEMG-based HMIs. Here, we developed a portable US armband system with 24 channels multiple receiver approach, compared it existing sEMG- US-based HMIs on...

Endothelial cells (ECs) in the body are constantly being exposed to mechanical forces such as shear stress and hydrostatic pressure due blood flow, pressure, deformation of vessel wall. Mechanosensitive ion channels mechanosensors on membrane EC upon external stimulation transmit, signal regulate cellular responses. However, it remains unclear how sense stimuli through channels. A better understanding role mechanosensitive system will go a long way towards shedding light mechanotransduction....