This study investigated various protection programs to control the European cherry fruit fly, brown rot, and leaf spot on sour cherries. The effects of acetamiprid, spinetoram, dodine, boscalid, pyraclostrobin, applied alone in combination with sucrose, were determined using standard EPPO methods. Pesticide residues analyzed liquid chromatography coupled mass spectrometry. highest efficacy controlling fly was achieved by applying acetamiprid twice spinetoram three times during ripening....

Abstract BACKGROUND Insecticide risk assessment for biological control agents is essential implementing integrated pest management (IPM) programs. Spinetoram a naturally derived insecticide used to variety of agricultural sap‐sucking insect pests, and Encarsia formosa Gahan (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) plays key role in the biocontrol greenhouse whiteflies. Despite its presumed safe ecotoxicological profile, side effects spinetoram on E . are partially unknown, especially at sublethal doses....

S-metolachlor is one of the most frequently used herbicides worldwide. However, toxicity studies this herbicide to aquatic organisms are scarce. In present study, two experiments were conducted test effects on common carp, economically important fish species, with a distribution throughout world: (1) 96 h acute semi-static test, aiming determine LC50; (2) subchronic that lasted 28 days, in which juvenile carp exposed 3%, 8%, and 25% previously determined LC50—0.5 mg·L−1, 1.4 4.1...

It is well known that emulsifiable concentrates (EC), besides good properties have problem with a high solvent content thus are not environmental friendly and can cause problems for users. The interest in developing oil-in-water emulsions (EW) instead increasing due to toxicological solvents. Oil-in-water reduce phytotoxicity, ecotoxicity dermal toxicity, higher flash point than EC safer transport storage; also EW more compatible water based SC formulations blends of active ingredients....

The present study compares the practicability, reproducibility, power, and sensitivity of a Myriophyllum aquaticum growth inhibition test in water-sediment system with recently accepted spicatum an equivalent testing standard Lemna sp. test. Special consideration was given to endpoints based on M. control plant variability relative rate yield: shoot length, fresh weight, dry root weight. Sensitivity analysis tests performed 3,5-dichlorophenol, atrazine, isoproturon, trifluralin,...

Abamectin was developed as an insecticide, nematocide and acaricide for use on a variety of agricultural horticultural crops. The products with this active ingredient can be found the market mostly formulated emulsifiable concentrate (EC). Usually producers recommend using EC formulation abamectin together some kind adjuvants (natural oils) to improve efficacy ingredient. To overcome problem we tried formulate oil dispersion (OD). Oil dispersion, preferably based naturally derived oils could...

In this paper the results of a five-year investigation pollution soil, as well surface and groundwater by atrazine are reported. The soil samples were collected from different localities, tillage level, at two depths (0?15 15?30 cm) during period September-November 1995 to 1999. taken same localities period. residues detected ELISA test. showed that almost all analysed contained atrazine. These quantities varied 0.02 0.10 mg/kg cm), up 0.05 (15?30 depending on locality, type year...

Effects of the metribuzin herbicide on soil microorganisms were investigated Trials set up a chernozem in laboratory environment. Metribuzin application rates 0.3, 0.6, 1.2 and 2.4 mg a.i./500g air-dry at 10?C, 20?C 30?C. Soil respiration (amount released CO2) abundance total microflora, fungi, actinomycetes, cellulolytics, ammonifiers nitrifiers, aerobic nitrogen fixiers (Azotobacter) anaerobic (Clostridium) studied. was found to inhibit respiration, causing statistically highly significant...

The effects of the various protection programs to control European cherry fruit fly, brown rot and leaf spot on sour were investigated. acetamiprid, spinetoram, dodine, boscalid pyraclostrobin, applied alone in combination with sucrose, determined using standard EPPO methods. residues pesticides liquid chromatography coupled mass spectrometry. highest efficiency controlling fly was achieved by applying acetamiprid twice spinetoram three times during ripening. Successful cherries against a...

In the following study effects of dietary cypermethrin in chickens were observed. Chickens administered feed nominal concentrations 150, 300 and 600 ppm (mean measured concentrations: 130, 285 655 mg/kg feed) for a period 28 days. The parameters monitored: clinical symptoms mortality, consumption body weight gain, liver weight, plasma ChE activity, hematological biochemical effects. Any accumulation liver, peritoneal fat, breast leg muscle was monitored, as well. results obtained showed that...

Hematological effects of the herbicide Avalon (GAL-57), a mixture bentazon and dicamba, were tested on rats. was administered by gavage at three four dose levels (250, 500, 1000 1250 mg/kg weight/day) for 28 90 days. parameters, number erythrocytes, leukocytes platelets, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit erythrocyte indexes (MCV, MCH MCHC) monitored. The results showed that caused decrease in values hemoglobin, (both males females). changes (mostly) correlated with doses and, most cases,...

Field studies were conducted in order to investigate the efficacy of herbicide rimsulfuron maize with three various commercial products (WG and OD formulations), combination different nonionic adjuvants (Extravon, Trend 90 Break-Thru S240). The investigation was carried out at two locations during years. application done one steps. evaluated on five weed species. results demonstrated that addition any improved rimsulfuron, but there no significant differences between producers case same or...

An acute oral toxicity study of the herbicide GAL-57 (Avalon), a mixture bentazon and dicamba as active ingredients, was investigated on rats, using new method that has been used in past several years (2001). Clinical observations symptoms mortality were performed for all animals different time intervals after treatment, gross necropsy at end observation period. (decreased activity, prone position, abnormal limb decreased righting reflex, grip tone, body abdominal dyspnoea) marked degree...