A5078922068- Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Eicosanoids and Hypertension Pharmacology
- Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
- Gambling Behavior and Treatments
- Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
- Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling
- Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism
- Mental Health Research Topics
- Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis
- Peptidase Inhibition and Analysis
- Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
- Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study
- Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Medication Adherence and Compliance
- Opioid Use Disorder Treatment
- Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Employment and Welfare Studies
- Prenatal Substance Exposure Effects
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Protease and Inhibitor Mechanisms
23andMe (United States)
2020-2023
The University of Texas at Austin
2015-2018
University of California, Los Angeles
2010-2014
Mind Research Network
2010
University of New Mexico
2010
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
2010
Understanding the prevalence of clinically relevant pharmacogenetic variants using large unselected populations is critical for gauging potential clinical impact widespread preemptive testing. To this end, we assessed frequencies and ethnic distribution three most common CYP2C19 alleles (*2, *3, *17) in 2.29 million direct-to-consumer genetics research participants (23andMe, Sunnyvale, CA). The overall *2, *17 were 15.2%, 0.3%, 20.4%, respectively, but varied by ethnicity. variant diplotypes...
College students binge drink more frequently than the broader population, yet most individuals "mature out" of drinking. Impulsivity and sensation seeking traits are important for understanding who is at risk maintaining drinking across college transition to adult roles. We use latent class growth analysis (LCGA) examine longitudinal binge-drinking trajectories spanning from end high school through 2 years after (M ages = 18.4 23.8). Data were gathered over 10 waves a large Southwestern...
Subjective response to alcohol represents a marker of alcoholism risk. The A118G single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) the mu opioid receptor (OPRM1) gene has been associated with subjective alcohol. Recently, dopamine transporter (DAT1) variable number tandem repeat (VNTR; SLC6A3) found interact OPRM1 SNP in predicting neural and behavioral responses naltrexone This exploratory study examines × DAT1 interaction on alcohol.Non-treatment-seeking problem drinkers (n = 295) were assessed...
Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is an autosomal co-dominant condition that predisposes to emphysema, cirrhosis, panniculitis, and vasculitis. Underrecognition has prompted efforts enhance early detection testing of at-risk individuals. Direct-to-consumer (DTC) genetic represents additional method detection.
The relationship between risk-taking behavior and alcohol use disorder (AUD) symptoms is poorly understood. This study employed a modified version of behavioral measure risk-taking, the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART), to examine its related in community sample individuals with or at risk for AUD. A total 158 (71.9% male) participants completed testing battery that included BART, structured diagnostic interview AUD, measures problems. Estimates IQ working memory were assessed as...
A substantial proportion of the adult United States population with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are undiagnosed, calling into question comprehensiveness current screening practices, which primarily rely on age, family history, and body mass index (BMI). We hypothesized that a polygenic score (PGS) may serve as complementary tool to identify high-risk individuals. The T2D maintained predictive utility after adjusting for history combining genetics led even more improved disease risk prediction....
Preclinical studies have implicated GABAergic neurosteroids in behavioral responses to alcohol. Naltrexone is thought blunt the reinforcing effects of alcohol, and a few found that naltrexone are moderated by Asn40Asp polymorphisms OPRM1 gene. The present study seeks integrate these lines research testing (i) moderating role functional polymorphism gene on naltrexone-induced alternations neurosteroid levels, namely (3alpha,5alpha)-3-hydroxypregnan-20-one (allopregnanolone, ALLO); (ii)...
Risk-taking, measured with laboratory tasks such as the Balloon Analog Risk Task (BART), is associated real-life manifestations of risky behaviors, which may be an important component inherited liability to alcohol use disorders. To identify genomic factors that influence these traits, current study (i) characterized performance a rodent version BART in multiple inbred rat strains, (ii) tested degree was under genetic control, (iii) explored sex differences performance, and (iv) evaluated...
GABRA2, the gene encoding α2 subunit of GABAA receptor, potentially plays a role in etiology problematic drinking, as GABRA2 genotype has been associated with subjective response to alcohol and other alcohol-related reward processes. The also illicit drug use, but extent which associations use are independent remains unclear, partly because most previous research used cross-sectional design that cannot discriminate comorbidity at between-person level co-occurrence within-persons. present...
The relationship between risk-taking behavior and substance dependence has proven to be complex, particularly when examining across participants expressing a range of use problem severity. While main indices in the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) positively associate with problematic alcohol adolescent populations (e.g., MacPherson, Magidson, Reynolds, Kahler, & Lejuez, 2010), several studies have observed negative within adult using (Ashenhurst, Jentsch, Ray, 2011; Campbell, Samartgis,...
Objective: The abbreviated Desires for Alcohol Questionnaire (DAQ) is a self-report assessment of craving comprising the following subscales: (a) strong desires/intentions to drink, (b) negative reinforcement, and (c) positive reinforcement ability control drinking. Although DAQ sensitive changes in alcohol precipitated by administration and/or cue exposure, no studies date have examined relationship between scores subjective responses alcohol. This study addresses this gap literature...
This study examined how freshman year substance use prospectively predicted time to college graduation, and whether delayed graduation postponed adoption of adult roles future use.Participants were part a longitudinal that began in 2004. The first analyses focused on (N = 2,050). second corresponded subset participants at age 27 575).Measures included self-reported use, role adoption, university reported dates.Results indicated frequent binge drinking marijuana during graduation. Those who...
Research using twins has found that much of the variability in externalizing phenotypes-including alcohol and drug use, impulsive personality traits, risky sex, property crime-is explained by genetic factors. Nevertheless, identification specific genes variants associated with these traits proven to be difficult, likely because individual differences are many small effect. Moreover, twin research indicates heritable variance behaviors is mostly shared across spectrum rather than any...
Previous studies have found preliminary evidence for associations between common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the cannabinoid receptor gene CNR1 and cannabis use dependence. The present study examined a set of eight independent SNPs or near relation to measured longitudinally across emerging adulthood.Using latent growth curve modeling 10 waves longitudinal data spanning mean ages 18.4-23.8 years sample non-Hispanic White individuals (n = 334), we tested if genotype at each SNP...
The majority of individuals receiving treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD) do not achieve remission from the first medication they try, and over 80% subsequently discontinue pharmacotherapy or switch to a different medication. SSRI discontinuation due side-effects is common. We evaluated effect CYP2C19 genotype on response using self-reported data 114,627 direct-to-consumer genetics research participants who were prescribed an primarily metabolized by (citalopram, escitalopram,...
Abstract Importance Twenty-three percent of 37.3M adults in the USA with diabetes are estimated to be undiagnosed, leading potentially avoidable sequelae and morbidity. Objective To explore utility a polygenic risk score (PRS) at identifying individuals undiagnosed prediabetes. Design, Setting Participants Individuals without doctor-diagnosed study baseline UK Biobank (UKB) HbA1c BMI measurements. were restricted white use an ancestry-appropriate PRS. Undiagnosed prediabetes defined using...