Xanthine oxidase (XO)-catalyzed nitrite reduction with nitric oxide (NO) production has been reported to occur under anaerobic conditions, but questions remain regarding the magnitude, kinetics, and biological importance of this process. To characterize mechanism its quantitative in systems, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, chemiluminescence NO analyzer, electrode studies were performed. The XO reducing substrates xanthine, NADH, 2,3-dihydroxybenz-aldehyde triggered NO,...

The dysregulation of the intestinal epithelial barrier significantly contributes to inflammatory progression ulcerative colitis. Recent studies have indicated that lactate, produced by gut bacteria or derived from fermented foods, plays a key role in modulating inflammation via G-protein-coupled receptor 81 (GPR81). In this study, we aimed investigate potential GPR81 colitis and assess impact lactate/GPR81 signaling on function. Our findings demonstrated downregulation protein expression...

In addition to colorectal cancer and metabolic syndrome, regular yogurt consumption has shown promise in improving skin inflammation. this study, we investigated the effects possible mechanisms of on imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like inflammation mice. After oral administration with (18 or 36 g/kg) and/or its main metabolite lactate (250 500 mg/kg) for 3 days, mice were treated a topical dose 62.5 mg imiquimod (IMQ) cream seven consecutive days. Data showed that treatment significantly...

In addition to nitric oxide (NO) generation from specific NO synthases, is also formed during anoxia nitrite reduction, and xanthine oxidase (XO) catalyzes this process. While in tissues blood high nitrate levels are present, questions remain regarding whether a source of if XO-mediated reduction can be an important biological systems. To characterize the kinetics, magnitude, mechanism under anaerobic conditions, EPR, chemiluminescence NO-analyzer, NO-electrode studies were performed....

Under anaerobic conditions, xanthine oxidase (XO)-catalyzed nitrite reduction can be an important source of nitric oxide (NO). However, questions remain regarding whether significant XO-mediated NO generation also occurs under aerobic conditions. Therefore, electron paramagnetic resonance, chemiluminescence NO-analyzer, and NO-electrode studies were performed to characterize the kinetics magnitude as a function oxygen tension. With substrates or 2,3-dihydroxybenz-aldehyde that provide...

A new furanoflavone, 7-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4-hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxy propan-2-yl)-2, 3-dihydrofuro(3, 2-g)chromen-5-one (artocarpfuranol, 1), together with 14 known compounds, dihydromorin (2), steppogenin (3), norartocarpetin (4), artocarpanone (5), artocarpesin (6), artocarpin (7), cycloartocarpin (8), cycloartocarpesin (9), artocarpetin (10), brosimone I (11), cudraflavone B (12), carpachromene (13), isoartocarpesin (14), and cyanomaclurin (15) were isolated from the wood of Artocarpus...

Aldehyde oxidase (AO) is a cytosolic enzyme with an important role in drug and xenobiotic metabolism. Although AO has structural similarity to bacterial nitrite reductases, it unknown whether AO-catalyzed reduction can be source of NO. The mechanism, magnitude, quantitative importance AO-mediated tissues have not been reported. To investigate this pathway its importance, EPR spectroscopy, chemiluminescence NO analyzer, immunoassays cGMP formation were performed. kinetics magnitude...

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now a public health issue worldwide, but no drug has yet received approval. Genistein, an isoflavonoid derived from soybean, ameliorates high-fat-diet-induced NAFLD in mice, the molecular underpinnings remain largely elusive. Arachidonic acid (AA) major ingredient of animal fats, and AA cascade been implicated chronic inflammation. In this study, we investigated whether genistein was against by targeting cascade. Using mouse model, showed that...

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a major disease that has endangered human health. Our previous study demonstrated Bifidobacterium longum subsp. YS108R, ropy exopolysaccharide (EPS)-producing bacterium, could alleviate UC in mice, but it unclear whether EPS the key substance responsible for its action. In this study, we proposed to investigate remitting effect of from B. YS108R on DSS-induced mouse model. Water extraction and alcohol precipitation were applied extract supernatant culture. Then...

This study investigated whether the galactooligosaccharide (GOS)-metabolism-related genes (GOS-cluster) in

Antibrowning activities of Morus alba L. twig extracts, oxyresveratrol, and mulberroside A isolated from mulberry on cloudy apple juices fresh-cut slices were evaluated by monitoring the change a* value, total color difference (ΔE), visual observation. It was found, similar to 4-hexylresorcinol, that oxyresveratrol could effectively inhibit browning in at a concentration as low 0.01% extract also showed remarkable antibrowning effects juices. However, for apples slices, needed be used...

Abstract Recent clinical trials raised concerns regarding the cardiovascular toxicity of selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors and cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) is now being reconsidered as a target for chemoprevention. Our aims were to determine whether COX-1 inhibition could delay or prevent cancer development also clarify underlying mechanisms. Data clearly showed that was required maintenance malignant characteristics colon cells tumor promoter-induced transformation preneoplastic...

Approximately 90% of all cancer deaths arise from the metastatic dissemination primary tumors. Metastasis is most lethal attribute colorectal cancer. New data regarding molecules contributing to phenotype, pathways they control and genes regulate are very important for understanding processes metastasis prognosis prevention in clinic. The purpose this study was investigate role T-LAK cell-originated protein kinase (TOPK) promotion metastasis. TOPK highly expressed human tissue compared with...

Artocarpus heterophyllus is an evergreen tree distributed in tropical regions, and its fruit (jackfruit) well-known as the world's largest tree-borne fruit. Although A. has been widely used folk medicines against inflammation, potential cancer chemoprevention remains unclear. Herein we identified artocarpin from a promising colorectal chemopreventive agent by targeting Akt kinase. Phenotypically, exhibited selective cytotoxicity human colon cells. Artocarpin impaired anchorage-independent...

Yogurt has been widely used in weight-loss foods to prevent obesity, but its molecular nature remains unclear. Lactate is a major ingredient of yogurt, while cognate cell surface receptor GPR81 highly expressed adipose tissues mammals. Here we hypothesized that dietary lactate supplementation might activate promote browning. Studying mouse models, observed was substantially lowered tissue obese mice compared with for lean ones, whereas expression markedly up-regulated by β3-adrenergic...

Abstract Hyperuricemia contributes to chronic kidney disease development. However, it has been historically viewed with limited research interest. In this study, we mimicked the development of hyperuricemic nephropathy by using a potassium oxonate‐induced hyperuricemia rat model. We found that administering vitamin C at 10 mg/kg/day effectively ameliorated nephropathy. Compared control group, rats had significantly increased serum uric acid level, xanthine oxidase activity, and urine...