A5001547789- Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Ginseng Biological Effects and Applications
- Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling
- Chemical Synthesis and Analysis
- Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study
- Microbial infections and disease research
- Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Plant Pathogenic Bacteria Studies
- Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology
- Bacteriophages and microbial interactions
- Infectious Diseases and Mycology
- Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Pharmacological Effects of Natural Compounds
- Coagulation, Bradykinin, Polyphosphates, and Angioedema
- Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
- Metalloenzymes and iron-sulfur proteins
- Folate and B Vitamins Research
- Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Lipid Membrane Structure and Behavior
- Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis
- Porphyrin Metabolism and Disorders
- Protein Structure and Dynamics
- Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
AgResearch
2011-2023
Massey University
2021
University of Utah
1996-2008
ABSTRACT Synthesis of cobalamin de novo by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strain LT2 and the absence this ability in Escherichia coli present several problems. This large synthetic pathway is shared virtually all salmonellae must be maintained selection, yet no conditions are known under which growth depends on endogenous B 12 . The cofactor required for degradation 1,2-propanediol ethanolamine. However, synthesis occurs only anaerobically, neither these carbon sources supports...
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB), caused by Mycobacterium bovis, is an important livestock disease raising public health and economic concerns around the world. In New Zealand, a number of wildlife species are implicated in spread persistence bTB cattle populations, most notably brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula). Whole Genome Sequenced (WGS) M. bovis isolates sourced from infected across Zealand were analysed. Bayesian phylogenetic analyses conducted to estimate substitution rate sampled...
The ability to DNA fingerprint Mycobacterium bovis isolates helped define the role of wildlife in persistence bovine tuberculosis New Zealand. fingerprinting results currently help guide control measures and also aid tracing source infections that result from movement livestock. During last 5 years we have developed distinguish Zealand (NZ) M. by comparing sequences whole genome sequenced (WGS) samples. WGS provides much higher resolution than our other established typing methods greatly...
MotA and MotB are membrane proteins that form the stator of bacterial flagellar motor. Each motor contains several MotA4MotB2 complexes, which function independently to conduct protons across couple proton flow rotation. The mechanism rotation is not understood in detail but thought involve conformational changes complexes driven by association/dissociation at a critical Asp residue (Asp 32 protein Escherichia coli). has four segments one. Previous studies using targeted disulfide...
The fur seal (Arctocephalus forsteri), which is abundant in coastal areas of New Zealand, harbors several zoonotic pathogens, including Mycobacterium pinnipedii, a member the tuberculosis complex. We describe microbiology and epidemiology seven cases M. pinnipedii infection beef cattle (Bos primigenius) Zealand 1991-2011. Epidemiologic factors were analyzed on six case farms telephone survey 55 neighboring farms. A DNA-strain typing, using analysis variable number tandem repeats direct...
Mycobacterium pinnipedii causes tuberculosis in a number of pinniped species, and transmission to cattle humans has been reported. The aims this study were to: characterize the pathology prevalence New Zealand marine mammals; use molecular diagnostic methods confirm type causal agent; explore relationships between host characteristics. Tuberculosis was diagnosed 30 pinnipeds one cetacean. Most affected had involvement pulmonary system, supporting inhalation as most common route infection,...
Although it contains only 25 amino acid residues, omega-conotoxin MVIIA folds into a well-defined three-dimensional structure that is stabilized by 3 disulfide bonds. To assess the contributions of disulfides to folding and stability, three analogues, each with one pair disulfide-bonded Cys residues replaced Ala, were prepared characterized. The analogues also contained C-terminal Gly residue believed be present when peptide in vivo has been shown previously stabilize native structure....
The peptide Ca2+ channel antagonists found in the venoms of Conus snails, ω-conotoxins, are synthesized as precursors that include a leader peptide, presumed to direct polypeptide endoplasmic reticulum, and propeptide unknown function. In addition, with C-terminal Gly residue is posttranslationally converted terminal amide group. order determine whether precursor sequences contain information helps folding mature sequences, disulfide-coupled ω-conotoxin MVIIA was compared two putative forms:...
ABSTRACT Mutants of Salmonella enterica lacking polyphosphate kinase ( ppk ) grow poorly in the presence weak organic acids acetate, propionate, and benzoate. This sensitivity is corrected by methionine seems to result from destabilization MetA (homoserine transsuccinylase), first enzyme biosynthesis. The protein known be sensitive thermal inactivation, mutants are more heat-induced auxotrophy. Peroxide increases both heat acid may oxidatively damage (carbonylate) destabilized MetA. While...
Disulfide-coupled refolding reactions of five ω-conotoxins, Ca2+ channel antagonists derived from marine snails the genus Conus, were examined. These peptides are 23−26 amino acid residues long, and native conformation each is stabilized by three disulfide bonds. Although primary structures show only limited sequence similarity, patterns disulfides three-dimensional conformations very similar. Refolding reduced proteins was promoted form glutathione (GSSG) in presence (GSH). All examined...
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis ( Map ) is the etiological agent of Johne’s disease in ruminants. The IS 900 insertion sequence (IS) has been used widely as an epidemiological marker and target for PCR diagnosis. Updated DNA sequencing technologies have led to a rapid increase available genomes, which makes it possible analyze distribution this slow-growing bacterium. objective study characterize element how affects genomic evolution gene function . A secondary goal develop...
Mycobacterium avium (M. a.) subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is a worldwide-distributed obligate pathogen in ruminants causing Johne’s disease. Due to lack of complete subtype III genome sequences, there not yet conclusive information about genetic differences between strains cattle (MAP-C, type II) and sheep (MAP-S) type, especially MAP-S subtypes I, III. Here we present the complete, circular MAP-S/type strain JIII-386 (DE) closed by Nanopore-technology its comparison with I Telford (AUS),...
To determine whether the native disulfides of ω-conotoxins are preferentially stabilized early in folding these small proteins, rates and equilibria for disulfide formation were measured three analogues ω-conotoxin MVIIA. In each analogue, one pairs disulfide-bonded Cys residues was replaced with Ala residues, leaving four that can form six intermediates species two disulfides. For all identified, equilibrium constants forming individual via exchange oxidized reduced glutathione measured....
We compared different methods for their ability to isolate Mycobacterium bovis from tissue samples animals with lesions resembling bovine tuberculosis. In the first trial, M. was isolated 86 of 200 that were cultured using 2 liquid media, BACTEC 12B and BBL mycobacteria growth indicator tube (MGIT), a solid medium, Middlebrook 7H11 supplemented pyruvate (7H11P). MGIT but not 12B. 9 MGIT; these came North Canterbury/Marlborough region New Zealand. The proportion tissues which or mean time...
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is the causative agent of Johne's disease (JD). Here, we report complete genome sequence Telford 9.2, a well-characterized representative strain M.avium S subtype that endemic in New Zealand and Australian sheep.
Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) is the aetiological agent of Johne's disease (JD), a chronic enteritis that causes major losses to global livestock industry. Further, it has been associated with human Crohn's disease. Several strains MAP have identified, two groups being sheep strain MAP, which includes Type I and III sub-lineages, cattle or II lineage, bison are sub-grouping. Major genotypic, phenotypic pathogenic variations identified in prior comparisons, but...
A long-term study was undertaken to monitor immune responses, faecal cultures and clinical disease in sheep experimentally infected with Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map) strain Telford. New Zealand Merino lambs (N=56) were challenged three oral doses of Map suspension. The weighed blood samples obtained at different time-points. At 63 weeks post-challenge, surviving euthanised liver, ileo-caecal valve mesenteric lymph node collected for histopathology culture. High IFN-γ...
SUMMARY Salmonellosis is an internationally important disease of mammals and birds. Unique epidemics in New Zealand the recent past include two Salmonella serovars: enterica subsp. serovar Typhimurium definitive type (DT) 160 ( S . DT160) Brandenburg. Although not a major threat internationally, DT160 has been most common isolated from humans, continues to cause significant losses wildlife. We have identified DNA differences between first isolate genome-sequenced strain, LT2. All could be...
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium DT160 was the predominant cause of notified human salmonellosis cases in New Zealand from 2000 to 2010, before it superseded by another S. strain, DT56 variant (DT56v). Whole genome sequencing and phenotypic testing were used compare 109 isolates with eight DT56v animal sources. Phylogenetic analysis provided evidence that strains distantly related an estimated date common ancestor between 1769 1821. The replicated at different rates but had similar...