Axons of adult Caenorhabditis elegans neurons undergo robust regenerative growth after laser axotomy. Here we show that axotomy PLM sensory triggers axonal calcium waves whose amplitude correlates with the extent regeneration. Genetic elevation Ca 2+ or cAMP accelerates formation a cone from injured axon. Elevated also facilitates apparent fusion fragments and promotes branching to postsynaptic targets. Conversely, inhibition voltage-gated channels release internal stores reduces growth. We...

We previously reported functional regeneration of Caenorhabditis elegans motor neurons after femtosecond laser axotomy. report here that multiple neuronal types can regrow axotomy using a variety lasers. The precise pattern regrowth varies with cell type, stage animal, and position Mechanosensory axons cut in late larval or adult stages displayed extensive regrowth, yet failed to reach their target area because guidance errors the anteroposterior axis. By contrast, mechanosensory early...

Cytoplasmic dynein is a microtubule-based motor protein complex that plays important roles in wide range of fundamental cellular processes, including vesicular transport, mitosis, and cell migration. A single major form cytoplasmic associates with membranous organelles, mitotic kinetochores, the migratory cortex, centrosomes, mRNA complexes. The ability to recognize such diverse forms cargo thought be associated its several accessory subunits, which reside at base molecule. light chains...

Significance In many organisms axonal fragments can rejoin by self-fusion after neuronal injury. It is hypothesized that cell fusion would be an efficient way to repair functional loss this study, we tested hypothesis using the Caenorhabditis elegans sensory neurons are responsible for gentle touch sensation. We found between proximal and distal of injured posterior neuron (the lateral microtubule) promotes recovery in age-dependent manner. also discovered let-7 miRNA inhibits restoration...

Neurons are vulnerable to physical insults, which compromise the integrity of both dendrites and axons. Although several molecular pathways axon regeneration identified, our knowledge dendrite is limited. To understand mechanisms regeneration, we used PVD neurons in C. elegans with stereotyped branched dendrites. Using femtosecond laser, severed primary this neuron. After severing near cell body, observed sprouting new branches from proximal site within 6 hours, regrew further time an...

PVD neuron of Caenorhabditis elegans is a highly polarized cell with well-defined axonal, and dendritic compartments. operates in multiple sensory modalities including the control both nociceptive touch sensation body posture. Although axon dendrites this show regeneration response following laser-assisted injury, it rather unclear how behavior associated affected by loss these structures. It also whether neurite regrowth would lead to functional restoration neurons. Upon axotomy, using...

Toward the end of spermiogenesis, spermatid nuclei are compacted and clonally related spermatids individualize to become mature active sperm. Studies in Drosophila showed that caudal end-directed movement a microfilament-rich structure, called investment cone, expels cytoplasmic contents individual spermatids. F-actin dynamics plays an important role this process. Here we report dynein light chain 1 (DLC1) is involved two separate cellular processes during sperm individualization. It...

Spermatids derived from a single gonial cell remain interconnected within cyst and elongate by synchronized growth inside the testis in Drosophila. Cylindrical spectrin-rich elongation cones form at their distal ends during growth. The mechanism underlying this process is poorly understood. We found that developing sperm tails were abnormally coiled growing cysts Drosophila Dynein light chain 1 (ddlc1) hemizygous mutant testis. A quantitative assay showed average number of was reduced, they...

Stem cell progeny often undergo transit amplifying divisions before differentiation. In Drosophila, a spermatogonial precursor divides four times within an enclosure formed by two somatic-origin cyst cells, differentiating into spermatocytes. Although germline and cell-intrinsic factors are known to regulate these divisions, the mechanistic details unclear. Here, we show that loss of dynein-light-chain-1 (DDLC1/LC8) in cells eliminates bag-of-marbles (bam) expression spermatogonia, causing...

Neuronal polarization is facilitated by the formation of axons with parallel arrays plus-end-out and dendrites nonuniform orientation microtubules. In C. elegans, posterior lateral microtubule (PLM) neuron bipolar its two processes growing along anterior–posterior axis under guidance Wnt signaling. Here we found that loss Kinesin-13 family microtubule-depolymerizing enzyme KLP-7 led to ectopic extension axon-like from PLM cell body. Live imaging microtubules axonal transport revealed mixed...

Ethanol is a widely used drug, excessive consumption of which could lead to medical conditions with diverse symptoms. abuse causes dysfunction memory, attention, speech and locomotion across species. Dopamine signaling plays an essential role in ethanol dependent behaviors animals ranging from C. elegans humans. We devised assay mutants the dopamine autoreceptor, dop-2, displayed unique sedative locomotory behavior causing move circles while dragging posterior half their body. Here, we...

The ability to rapidly and specifically regulate protein activity combined with in vivo functional assays and/or imaging can provide unique insight into underlying molecular processes. Here we describe the application of chemically induced dimerization FKBP create nearly instantaneous high-affinity bivalent ligands capable sequestering cellular targets from their endogenous partners. We demonstrate specificity efficacy these inducible, dimeric "traps" for dynein light chains LC8 (Dynll1)...

Regulation of the microtubule cytoskeleton is crucial for development and maintenance neuronal architecture, recent studies have highlighted significance regulated RNA processing in establishment neural circuits. In a genetic screen conducted using mechanosensory neurons C . elegans , we identified mutation m uscle bl ind -1/mbl-1 as suppressor loss kinesin-13 family destabilizing factor klp-7 Muscleblind-1(MBL-1) an RNA-binding protein that regulates splicing, localization, stability RNA....

Abstract Restoration of lost function following a nervous system injury is limited in adulthood as the regenerative capacity declines with age. Pharmacological approaches have not been very successful alleviating consequences injury. On contrary, physical activity and rehabilitation interventions are often beneficial to improve health conditions patients neuronal injuries. Using touch neuron circuit Caenorhabditis elegans , we investigated role exercise improvement functional restoration...

The adult nervous system has a limited capacity to regenerate after accidental damage. Post-injury functional restoration requires proper targeting of the injured axon its postsynaptic cell. Although initial response axonal injury been studied in great detail, it is rather unclear what controls re-establishment connection. Using posterior lateral microtubule neuron Caenorhabditis elegans, we found that axotomy, regrowth from proximal stump towards ventral side and accumulation presynaptic...

The polarized nature of neurons depends on their microtubule dynamics and orientation determined by both microtubule-stabilizing destabilizing factors. role factors in developing maintaining neuronal polarity is unclear. We investigated the function KLP-7, a depolymerizing motor Kinesin-13 family, axon-dendrite compartmentalization using PVD

Quorum sensing signals are referred to as acylated homoserine lactones (AHL) that mainly found in Gram-negative bacteria. It implies the ability of certain bacteria producing different AHL molecules. The Pseudomonas aureofaciens and Xenorhabdus nematophila were cultured Luria-Bertani (LB10) media CV026 was used a reporter strain detect presence AHLs produced by In this study, has revealed quorum P. X. purple pigment violacein supply external Thin layer chromatography (TLC) bioassay having...

The dynein motor proteins interact with microtubules at the distal end of an unusual 12−15 nm stalk, which communicates sites for nucleotide hydrolysis and microtubule binding in a cyclical, bidirectional manner. Here, we report that stalk shaft rat cytoplasmic is antiparallel α-helical coiled coil, stability markedly altered by changes its proximal ends, consistent structure capable rapid, cyclical rearrangement during cross-bridge cycle.

PVD neuron of C . elegans has become an attractive model for the study dendrite development and regeneration due to its elaborate stereotype morphology. RNA interference (RNAi) by feeding E coli expressing dsRNA been basis several genome wide screens performed using However, method often fails when it comes knocking down genes in nervous system. In order optimize RNAi conditions neuron, we fed worm strains with HT115 bacteria against mec-3 , hpo-30 tiam-1 whose loss function are known show...