Abstract VESICLE-INDUCING PROTEIN IN PLASTIDS1 (VIPP1), proposed to play a role in thylakoid biogenesis, is conserved photosynthetic organisms and closely related Phage Shock Protein A (PspA), which involved plasma membrane integrity Escherichia coli. This study showed that chloroplasts/plastids Arabidopsis thaliana vipp1 knockdown knockout mutants exhibit unique morphology, forming balloon-like structures. altered as well lethality of vipp1, was complemented by expression VIPP1 fused green...

Large-scale analysis of the GC-content distribution at gene level reveals both common features and basic differences in genomes different groups species. Sharp changes GC content are detected transcription boundaries for all species analyzed, including human, mouse, rat, chicken, fruit fly, worm. However, two substantially distinct profiles can be recognized: warm-blooded vertebrates invertebrates fly In vertebrates, sharp positive negative spikes observed start stop sites, respectively,...

Integrity of biomembranes is vital to living organisms. In bacteria, PspA considered act as repairing damaged membrane by forming large supercomplexes in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Vulnerable oxidative stress, photosynthetic organisms also contain a ortholog called VIPP1, which has an additional C-terminal tail (Vc). this study, Vc was shown coincide with intrinsically disordered region, and the role VIPP1 protection against stress investigated. We visualized fusing it GFP...

Summary Heterotrimeric G protein knock‐out mutants have no phenotypic defect in chloroplast development, and the connection between signaling pathway development has only been inferred from pharmaceutical evidence. Thus, whether plays a role remains an open question. Here, we present genetic evidence, using leaf‐variegated mutant thylakoid formation 1 ( thf1 ), indicating that inactivation or activation of endogenous α‐subunit (GPA1) affects as does ectopic expression constitutively active...

Abstract In plant cells, mitochondria and plastids contain their own genomes derived from the ancestral bacteria endosymbiont. Despite limited genetic capacity, these multicopy organelle account for a substantial fraction of total cellular DNA, raising question whether DNA quantity is controlled spatially or temporally. this study, we genetically dissected decrease in pollen, phenomenon that appears to be common most angiosperm species. By staining mature pollen grains with fluorescent dye,...

<title>Abstract</title> Virus-induced genome editing (VIGE) technologies have been developed to address the limitations of plant editing, which heavily relies on genetic transformation and regeneration. However, application VIGE in plants is hampered by challenge posed size commonly used gene-editing nucleases, Cas9 Cas12a. To this challenge, our study explores potential inteins VIGE, internal protein elements known for mediating post-translational splicing self-excising from precursor...

Virus-induced genome editing (VIGE) technologies have been developed to address the limitations plant editing, which heavily relies on genetic transformation and regeneration. However, application of VIGE in plants is hampered by challenge posed size commonly used gene nucleases, Cas9 Cas12a. To overcome this challenge, we employed intein-mediated protein splicing divide SaCas9 transcript into two segments (Split-v1) three (Split-v3). The Split-v1 system demonstrated efficiencies transgenic...

Recent identification of NYE1/SGR1 brought up a new era for the exploration regulatory mechanism Chlorophyll (Chl) degradation. Cluster analysis senescence associated genes with putative chloroplast targeting sequences revealed several sharing similar expression pattern NYE1. Further characterization available T-DNA insertion lines led to discovery novel stay-green gene CRN1 (Co-regulated NYE1). Chl breakdown was significantly restrained in crn1-1 under diversified scenarios, which is...

Abstract FtsH is an ATP-dependent metalloprotease present as a hexameric heterocomplex in thylakoid membranes. Encoded the Arabidopsis thaliana YELLOW VARIEGATED2 (VAR2) locus, FtsH2 one isoform among major Type A (FtsH1/5) and B (FtsH2/8) isomers. Mutants lacking (var2) FtsH5 (var1) are characterized by typical leaf-variegated phenotype. The functional importance of catalytic center (comprised zinc binding domain) was assessed this study generating transgenic plants that ectopically...

VIPP1 protein in photosynthetic organisms is homologous to bacterial PspA, which protects plasma membrane integrity upon stresses. Despite the proposed role of thylakoid biogenesis, its precise function remains unclear. Recently, our in-depth analysis Arabidopsis vipp1 mutants revealed VIPP1's involvement maintenance chloroplast envelopes. Chloroplasts intact leaves exhibited spherical balloon-like morphology, resulted from osmotic stress across In fact, observation fused green fluorescence...

VESICLE-INDUCING PROTEIN IN PLASTID1 (VIPP1) is conserved among oxygenic photosynthetic organisms and appears to have diverged from the bacterial PspA protein. VIPP1 localizes chloroplast envelope thylakoid membrane, where it forms homooligomers of high molecular mass. Although multiple roles been inferred, including membrane formation, maintenance, fusion, regulation activity, its precise role in quality control remains unknown. an oligomer through amino-terminal domain triggers fusion...

Chlorophylls (Chl) in photosynthetic apparatuses, along with other macromolecules chloroplasts, are known to undergo degradation during leaf senescence. Several enzymes involved Chl degradation, by which detoxification of is safely implemented, have been identified. also occurs embryogenesis and seedling development. Some genes encoding such as b reductase (CBR) function these developmental stages. Arabidopsis mutants lacking CBR (NYC1 NOL) reportedly exhibit reduced seed storability...

We have developed a strategy for multiplex PCR based on suppression. suppression allows DNA target amplification with only one sequence-specific primer per and second that is common all targets. Therefore, an n-plex would require n + 1 primers. demonstrated uniform, efficient of targeted sequences in 14-plex PCR. The high specificity also provides multiplexed allele specificity. Multiplexed was used to develop assays genotyping samples from cystic fibrosis-affected individuals. new approach...

Leaf variegation resulting from nuclear gene mutations has been used as a model system to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of chloroplast development. Since most genes also function in photosynthesis, it remains unknown whether their roles photosynthesis and development are distinct. Here, using mutant thylakoid formation1 (thf1) we show that formation is light independent. It was found slow uneven thf1 can be attributed defects etioplast darkness. Ultrastructural analysis showed...

We previously reported the involvement of cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 6 (CNGC6) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O ) in plant responses to heat shock (HS). To demonstrate their relationship with thermotolerance, we assessed effect HS on several groups Arabidopsis ( thaliana seedlings: wild-type, cngc6 mutant, its complementation line. Under exposure HS, level H was lower mutant seedlings than wild-type (WT) but obviously increased The treatment seeds calcium ions (Ca 2+ levels under...

The identification of genes in the human genome remains a challenge, as actual predictions appear to disagree tremendously and vary dramatically on basis specific gene-finding methodology used. Because pattern conservation coding regions is expected be different from intronic or intergenic regions, comparative computational analysis can lead, principle, an improved by using reference, such mouse genome. However, this critically depends three important factors: (1) selection most appropriate...