A5083512322- Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases
- Plant-Microbe Interactions and Immunity
- Plant Pathogenic Bacteria Studies
- Fungal Plant Pathogen Control
- Mycotoxins in Agriculture and Food
- Yeasts and Rust Fungi Studies
- Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Interactions
- Legume Nitrogen Fixing Symbiosis
- Phytoplasmas and Hemiptera pathogens
- Plant Virus Research Studies
- Insect and Pesticide Research
- Postharvest Quality and Shelf Life Management
- Insect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior
- Plant and animal studies
- Cocoa and Sweet Potato Agronomy
- Insect symbiosis and bacterial influences
- Plant Disease Management Techniques
- Nanocomposite Films for Food Packaging
- Plant Disease Resistance and Genetics
- Powdery Mildew Fungal Diseases
- Insect-Plant Interactions and Control
- Listeria monocytogenes in Food Safety
- Plant Physiology and Cultivation Studies
- Banana Cultivation and Research
- Enzyme Production and Characterization
Pennsylvania State University
2015-2024
Beltsville Agricultural Research Center
2012-2018
Appalachian Fruit Research Laboratory
2016-2018
Cornell University
2008-2018
Plant (United States)
2018
United States Department of Agriculture
2016
Agricultural Research Service
2008-2016
Ithaca College
2009
Abstract Apple bitter rot caused by Colletotrichum species is a growing problem worldwide. spp. are economically important but taxonomically un-resolved. Identification of critical due to potential species-level differences in pathogenicity-related characteristics. A 400-isolate collection from New York apple orchards were morphologically assorted two groups, C. acutatum complex ( CASC ) and gloeosporioides CGSC ). sub-sample 44 representative isolates, spanning the geographical distribution...
Poleroviruses are restricted to vascular phloem tissues from which they transmitted by their aphid vectors and not transmissible mechanically. Phloem limitation has been attributed the absence of virus proteins either facilitating movement or counteracting plant defense. The polerovirus capsid is composed two forms coat protein, major P3 protein minor P3/P5 a translational readthrough P3. required for insect transmission acts in trans facilitate long-distance tissue. Specific potato leafroll...
Potato leafroll virus (PLRV) capsid comprises 180 coat protein (CP) subunits, with some percentage containing a readthrough domain (RTD) extension located on the particle's surface. The RTD N terminus is highly conserved in luteovirids and this study sought to identify biologically active sites within region of PLRV RTD. Fourteen three-amino-acid-deletion mutants were generated from cloned infectious cDNA delivered plants by Agrobacterium inoculations. All mutant viruses accumulated locally...
This white paper presents a series of perspectives on current and future phytobiome management, discussed at the Wild Tamed Phytobiomes Symposium in University Park, PA, U.S.A., June 2018. To enhance plant productivity health, to translate lab- greenhouse-based research field applications, academic community end-users need address variety scientific, practical, social challenges. Prior discussion phytobiomes has focused heavily plant-associated bacterial fungal assemblages, but concept...
A 2-year longitudinal study of three tree fruit packinghouses was conducted to determine the prevalence and distribution Listeria monocytogenes . Samples were collected from 40 standardized non-food-contact surface locations six different times over two 11-month production seasons. Of 1,437 samples collected, overall L. course 17.5%. Overall did not differ significantly ( p > 0.05) between each year. However, values varied ≤ within season following packing activity levels; increasing...
Bacterial and yeast antagonists isolated from fruit surfaces have been effective in controlling various post-harvest diseases, several microbial developed into commercial products. Our knowledge of the community, with exception grapes, apples some citrus fruit, is rudimentary potential resident yeasts for biocontrol remains largely unknown. We determined occurrence on plum during development pre-hardening stage until harvest 2 years. A total 16 species 13 genera were isolated. Species three...
Botrytis cinerea causes gray mold and is an economically important postharvest pathogen of fruit, vegetables, ornamentals. Fludioxonil-sensitive B. isolates were collected in 2011 2013 from commercial storage Pennsylvania. Eight had values for effective concentrations inhibiting 50% mycelial growth 0.0004 to 0.0038 μg/ml fludioxonil dual resistant pyrimethanil thiabendazole. Resistance was generated vitro, following exposure a sublethal dose fludioxonil, seven eight dual-resistant isolates....
Colletotrichum fioriniae of the C. acutatum species complex is an important hemibiotrophic pathogen vegetables and fruits in temperate regions worldwide. In apple, it one primary responsible for bitter rot disease. Understanding disease cycle complicated because many broadleaf plants can be hosts fioriniae. By detecting quantifying rain-splashed conidia more than 500 samples from heavily bitter-rot-infected apple orchards nearby forested woodlots over two summers, we show that conidial...
Apple growers in the Mid-Atlantic region of United States have been reporting an increase losses to bitter rot apple and are requesting up-to-date management recommendations. Management is complicated by variations cultivar susceptibility, temperature, rainfall, biology Colletotrichum spp. that cause rot. Over 500 fruit with were obtained from 38 orchards across causal species identified as fioriniae C. nymphaeae acutatum complex chrysophilum, noveboracense, siamense, fructicola, henanense,...
Circulative transmission of viruses in the Luteoviridae, such as cereal yellow dwarf virus (CYDV), requires a series precisely orchestrated interactions between virus, plant, and aphid proteins. Natural selection has favored these to be retained phloem facilitate acquisition by aphids. We show that treatment infected oat tissue homogenate with sodium sulfite reduces purified Transmission electron microscopy data indicated no gross change virion morphology due treatments. However, treated...
Whole genome analysis was performed on 501 isolates obtained from a previous survey which recovered 139 positive environmental sponge samples (i.e., up to 4 per sample) total of 719 collected at 40 standardized sites in 3 commercial apple packinghouse facilities P1, P2, and P3) over successive seasons single production year. After excluding duplicated isolates, the data 156 revealed clonal diversity L. monocytogenes allowed detection transient contamination, persistent cross-area...
Apple orchards with minimal or reduced fungicide inputs in the Mid-Atlantic region of United States have experienced outbreaks severe premature defoliation symptoms that matched those apple blotch disease (ABD) caused by Diplocarpon coronariae. Fungal isolates obtained from symptomatic leaves and fruit produced uniform slow-growing, dark-gray colonies on peptone potato dextrose agar had conidia. Internal transcribed spacer DNA sequences D. coronariae Koch's postulates were fulfilled when...
Abstract With increasing organic acreage and scrutiny of antibiotics use, alternatives to for the control Erwinia amylovora are interest stakeholders. At same time failures minimally tested, newly marketed products have resulted in severe infections leading costly tree orchard removal. We evaluated antibiotic 8 Washington, 3 Oregon, New York 2 Pennsylvania field experiments conducted 2013 2022. Antibiotic included essential oils (thyme cinnamon extracts), mineral compounds (potassium...
Abstract Ten experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of methods therapeutically remove fire blight cankers from apple trees with different age, vigor, training system and rootstock combinations in Washington, Oregon, Pennsylvania New York, United States. Removal included pruning at varying distances visible symptoms, utilization a sanitizing agent use stub cut minimize on structural wood. Fire removal resulted reductions tree death. treatments fewer additional compared...
'Rapid Apple Decline' (RAD) is a newly emerging problem of young, dwarf apple trees in the Northeastern USA. The affected show trunk necrosis, cracking and canker before collapse summer. In this study, we discovered characterized new luteovirus from RAD-affected orchards using high-throughput sequencing (HTS) technology subsequent Sanger sequencing.
The blue mold fungus,
The Gram-negative bacterium Erwinia amylovora causes fire blight disease of apples and pears. While the virulence systems E. have been studied extensively, relatively little is known about its parasitic behavior. aim this study was to identify primary metabolites that must be synthesized by pathogen for full virulence. A series auxotrophic mutants, representing 21 metabolic pathways, were isolated characterized defects in apple immature fruits shoots. On detached fruitlets, mutants defective...
Fungicides are frequently used during tree fruit bloom and can threaten insect pollinators. However, little is known about how non-honey bee pollinators such as the solitary bee, Osmia cornifrons, respond to contact systemic fungicides commonly in apple production bloom. This knowledge gap limits regulatory decisions that determine safe concentrations timing for fungicide spraying. We evaluated effects of two (captan mancozeb) four translaminar/plant (cyprodinil, myclobutanil, penthiopyrad,...
ABSTRACT Fire blight is caused by Erwinia amylovora and the most destructive bacterial disease of apples pears worldwide. In this study, we found that E. argD ( 1000 )::Tn 5 , an Tn transposon mutant has inserted after nucleotide 999 in gene-coding region, was arginine auxotroph did not cause fire apple had reduced virulence immature pear fruits. The gene encodes a predicted N -acetylornithine aminotransferase enzyme, which involved production amino acid arginine. A plasmid-borne copy...
Blue mold is a postharvest rot of pomaceous fruits caused by Penicillium expansum and number other species. The genome the highly aggressive P. strain R19 was re-sequenced analyzed together with less solitum RS1. Whole scale similarities differences were examined. A phylogenetic analysis expansum, solitum, several closely related species revealed that two pathogens isolated from decayed apple blue symptoms are not each other's closest relatives. Among total 10,560 10,672 protein coding...
The Gram-negative bacterium Erwinia amylovora causes fire blight, an economically important disease of apples and pears. Elongation factor P (EF-P) is a highly conserved protein that stimulates the formation first peptide bond certain proteins facilitates translation proteins, including those with polyproline motifs. YjeK YjeA are two enzymes involved in essential post-translational β-lysylation EF-P at lysine residue, K34. EF-P, have been shown to be for full virulence Escherichia coli,...
Penicillium crustosum Thom (1930) causes blue mold on pome fruits and is also regularly found cheese, nuts, soil (1,3). The fungus produces a wide range of mycotoxins such as penitrem A, roquefortine C, terrestric acid, cyclopenol, which impact human health (1). In January February 2013, 20 decayed apples, ‘Golden Delicious’ ‘Jonagold’ (Malus × domestica Borkh.) with symptoms were collected from cold storages in Svilajnac Bela Crkva, Serbia. Decayed areas light to medium brown green...
Penicillium spp. cause blue mold of stored pome fruit. These fungi reduce fruit quality and produce mycotoxins that are regulated for processed products. Control is achieved by fungicide application, in 2015 Academy (active ingredients fludioxonil difenoconazole) was released use on to manage postharvest mold. Baseline sensitivity but not difenoconazole has been determined P. expansum. To establish the distribution before commercial Academy, 97 unexposed single-spore isolates from United...