A5013105815- Corporate Governance and Law
- Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Neural dynamics and brain function
- Advanced Electron Microscopy Techniques and Applications
- Neonatal and fetal brain pathology
- Advanced Memory and Neural Computing
- Retinal Development and Disorders
- Vestibular and auditory disorders
- Cell Image Analysis Techniques
- Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies
- Immune cells in cancer
- HIV Research and Treatment
- Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Barrier Structure and Function Studies
- Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques
- Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research
- Cognitive Science and Mapping
- Blood properties and coagulation
- Electrohydrodynamics and Fluid Dynamics
- Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Fetal and Pediatric Neurological Disorders
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
2022-2025
Neuroscience Research Australia
2023-2025
Princeton University
2019-2023
UNSW Sydney
2023
Neuroscience Institute
2021-2022
Harvard University
2012-2019
Drexel University
2008
Neurons in the developing brain undergo extensive structural refinement as nascent circuits adopt their mature form. This physical transformation of neurons is facilitated by engulfment and degradation axonal branches synapses surrounding glial cells, including microglia astrocytes. However, small size phagocytic organelles complex, highly ramified morphology glia have made it difficult to define contribution these other cell types this crucial process. Here, we used large-scale, serial...
Learning from experience depends at least in part on changes neuronal connections. We present the largest map of connectivity to date between cortical neurons a defined type (layer 2/3 [L2/3] pyramidal cells mouse primary visual cortex), which was enabled by automated analysis serial section electron microscopy images with improved handling image defects (250 × 140 90 μm3 volume). used identify constraints learning algorithms employed cortex. Previous studies modeled continuum synapse sizes...
Abstract Learning from experience depends at least in part on changes neuronal connections. We present the largest map of connectivity to date between cortical neurons a defined type (L2/3 pyramidal cells), which was enabled by automated analysis serial section electron microscopy images with improved handling image defects. used identify constraints learning algorithms employed cortex. Previous studies modeled continuum synapse sizes (Arellano et al. 2007) log-normal distribution...
Substance use disorders (SUD) and drug addiction are major threats to public health, impacting not only the millions of individuals struggling with SUD, but also surrounding families communities. One seminal challenges in treating studying human populations is high prevalence co-morbid conditions, including an increased risk contracting a immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Of ~15 million people who inject drugs globally, 17% persons HIV. Conversely, HIV factor for SUD because chronic...
Summary We present a semi-automated reconstruction of L2/3 mouse primary visual cortex from 3 million cubic microns electron microscopic images, including pyramidal and inhibitory neurons, astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes precursors, pericytes, vasculature, mitochondria, synapses. Visual responses subset cells are included. The data being made publicly available, along with tools for programmatic 3D interactive access. density synaptic inputs onto neurons varies across cell classes...
During postnatal development, cerebellar climbing fibers alter their innervation strengths onto supernumerary Purkinje cell targets, generating a one-to-few connectivity pattern in adulthood. To get insight about the processes responsible for this remapping, we reconstructed serial electron microscopy datasets from mice during first week. Between days 3 and 7, individual selectively add many synapses subset of targets positive-feedback manner, without pruning other targets. Active zone sizes...
Immersing the brain in a solution containing formaldehyde is commonly used method for preserving structure of human tissue banking. However, there are questions about quality preservation using this method, as takes relatively long period time to penetrate large organ such brain. As result, critical need determine whether immersion fixation an adequate initial method. To address this, we present exploratory histologic findings from our bank following hemi-sectioned specimens under...
Abstract For people with HIV (PWH), substance use disorders (SUDs) are a prominent neurological risk factor, and the impacts of both on dopaminergic pathways potential point deleterious convergence. Here, we profile, at single nucleus resolution, substantia nigra (SN) transcriptomes 90 postmortem donors in context chronic opioid/cocaine SUD, including 67 prospectively characterized PWH. We report altered microglial expression for hundreds pro- anti-inflammatory regulators attributable to...
ABSTRACT Prenatal genomic sequencing, which can provide a significantly increased diagnostic rate for fetal structural anomaly (FSA) compared with karyotype and microarray, is not available uniformly across Australia. PreGen, 5‐year translational research program, has identified significant barriers to implementation including access funding, the availability of testing, termination pregnancy services specialist centres. A federal item number prenatal testing would increase equitable test...
A dc atmospheric-pressure glow discharge produced between a metallic electrode and water is studied in this experiment. The characterized by means of visualization, high-speed imaging, voltage–current measurements, mass spectrometry temperature measurements. Under certain conditions, the exhibits distinctive rotating motion which cathode spot remains stationary anode traces circular pattern. Regimes rotation occur general at lower currents, larger gap lengths when surface anode. Temperature...
Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2012 in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, July 29 – August 2, 2012.
The difficulty of retrieving high-resolution, in vivo evidence the proliferative and migratory processes occurring neural germinal zones has limited our understanding neurodevelopmental mechanisms. Here, we used a connectomic approach using serial-sectioning scanning electron microscopy volume to investigate laminar cytoarchitecture transient external granular layer (EGL) developing cerebellum, where granule cells coordinate series mitotic events. By integrating image segmentation,...
Objectives: As lifespans increase in people with HIV (PWH), there is concern that age-related neurodegenerative disorders may contribute to cognitive decline. We asked whether brain accumulation of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-associated proteins amyloid-beta (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau) predicted performance middle-aged PWH. Methods: In a prospectively followed, cognitively-characterized autopsy sample 135 PWH, we used immunohistochemistry assess Aβ plaques neuronal p-tau medial...
Connectomics has recently begun to image brain tissue at nanometer resolution, which produces petabytes of data. This data must be aligned, labeled, proofread, and formed into graphs, each step this process requires visualization for human verification. As such, we present the BUTTERFLY middleware, a scalable platform that can handle massive interactive in connectomics. Our outputs geometry suitable hardware-accelerated rendering, abstracts low-level wrangling enable faster development new...
ABSTRACT Neurons in the developing brain undergo extensive structural refinement as nascent circuits adopt their mature form 1 . This transformation is facilitated by engulfment and degradation of excess axonal branches inappropriate synapses surrounding glial cells, including microglia astrocytes 2,3 However, small size phagocytic organelles complex, highly ramified morphology glia has made it difficult to determine contribution these other cell types this process. Here, we used large...
Reconstructing a synaptic wiring diagram, or connectome, from electron microscopy (EM) images of brain tissue currently requires many hours manual annotation proofreading (Kasthuri and Lichtman, 2010; Lichtman Sanes, 2008; Seung, 2009). The desire to reconstruct ever larger more complex networks has pushed the collection EM datasets. A cubic millimeter raw imaging data would take up 1 PB storage present an project that be impractical without relying heavily on automatic segmentation methods....
Connectomics is the study of dense structure neurons in brain and their synapses, providing new insights into relation between brain's its function.Recent advances Electron Microscopy enable high-resolution imaging (4nm per pixel) neural tissue at a rate roughly 10 terapixels single day, allowing neuroscientists to capture large blocks reasonable amount time.The amounts data require novel computer vision based algorithms scalable software frameworks process this data.We describe RhoANA [1],...
Abstract Neurons in the developing brain undergo extensive structural refinement as nascent circuits adopt their mature form1. This transformation is facilitated by engulfment and degradation of excess axonal branches inappropriate synapses surrounding glial cells, including microglia astrocytes2,3. However, small size phagocytic organelles complex, highly ramified morphology glia has made it difficult to determine contribution these other cell types this process. Here, we used large scale,...