Purpose The aims of this study were to develop a single-scan dual-contrast protocol for biphasic liver imaging with 2 intravenous contrast agents (iodine and gadolinium) evaluate its effectiveness in an exploratory swine using photon-counting detector computed tomography (PCD-CT) system. Materials Methods A CT was developed PCD-CT simultaneously acquire phases enhancement, the late arterial phase enhanced by 1 agent (iodine-based) portal venous other (gadolinium-based). gadolinium bolus...

Abstract Background Computed tomography (CT) is routinely used to guide cryoablation procedures. Notably, CT‐guidance provides 3D localization of cryoprobes and can be delineate frozen tissue during ablation. However, metal‐induced artifacts from ablation probes make accurate probe placement challenging degrade the ice ball conspicuity, which in combination could lead undertreatment potentially curable lesions. Purpose In this work, we propose an image‐based neural network (CNN) model for...

The methods that identify complex flight maneuvers from multi-sensor parameter data and conduct automated quantitative evaluations of anomaly levels could play an important role in enhancing safety pilot training. However, existing focus on detection at individual points, making it challenging to accurately quantify the overall abnormality a maneuver. To address this issue, paper proposes novel method for evaluation by fusing data. proposed comprises two stages: maneuver recognition level...

This work aims to develop a new framework of image quality assessment using deep learning-based model observer (DL-MO) and validate it in low-contrast lesion detection task that involves CT images with patient anatomical background.The DL-MO was developed the transfer learning strategy incorporate pretrained convolutional neural network (CNN), partial least square regression discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) an internal noise component. The CNN previously trained achieve state-of-the-art...

Compared to traditional multi-scan single-energy CT (SECT), one potential advantage of single-scan multi-energy (MECT) proposed for simultaneous imaging multiple contrast agents is the radiation dose reduction. This phantom study aims rigorously evaluate whether can truly be reduced in a MECT protocol (MECT_1s) biphasic liver with iodine and gadolinium, small bowel bismuth, compared two-scan SECT protocols (SECT_2s). For MECT_1s, mixed iodine/gadolinium samples were prepared corresponding...

Objectives Dual-energy and multienergy computed tomography (DECT/MECT) has the potential to simultaneously visualize two contrast agents in small bowel: arterial enhancement of iodine bowel wall enteric bismuth lumen. The purpose this study was explore its feasibility a swine using research whole-body photon-counting-detector (PCD) (CT) system. Materials Methods A phantom initially performed evaluate quantification accuracy separation from single PCD-CT scan, which also served as calibration...

Purpose : X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) is a promising technique with sufficient specificity and sensitivity for identifying quantifying features in small samples containing high atomic number (Z) materials such as iodine, gadolinium, gold. In this study, the feasibility of applying XRF to early breast cancer diagnosis treatment studied using novel approach three‐dimensional (3D) x‐ray mapping (XFM) gold nanoparticle (GNP)‐loaded objects physical phantom at technical level. Methods All...

Energy-resolved photon-counting-detector CT (PCD-CT) is promising for material decomposition with multiple contrast agents using two or more energy bins. However, corrections nonidealities of PCDs are required, which still active research topics. In addition, PCD-CT also likely to have a very high cost due the current lack mass production capabilities. We proposed an alternative approach perform multienergy (MECT), achieved by acquiring triple quadruple x-ray beam measurements on dual-source...

The first commercially available photon-counting-detector CT (PCD-CT) has been introduced for clinical use. However, its spectral performance on single- and dual-contrast imaging tasks not comprehensively assessed.

To evaluate the quantitative accuracy and dose efficiency of simultaneous imaging two contrast agents using dual-energy computed tomography (DECT), tasks each representing one potential clinical application were investigated in a phantom study: biphasic liver with iodine gadolinium, small bowel bismuth.To separate quantify mixtures single DECT scan, mixed gadolinium samples prepared enhancement values corresponding to late arterial (iodine) portal-venous (gadolinium) phase for imaging. Mixed...

The modulation transfer function (MTF) of radiographic systems is frequently evaluated by the system's line spread (LSF) using narrow slits. conventional slit method requires LSF tail approximation, which achieved exponentially extrapolating tails beyond 1% peak value. However, estimated MTF at low frequencies from extrapolation may not reflect true performance system. In this study, a monotone spline regression technique for approximation developed to improve accuracy estimation...

In order to perform material decomposition for a three-material mixture, dual-energy CT (DECT) has incorporate an additional condition, typically the prior information related certain physical constraints such as volume or mass conservation. With introduction of photon-counting and other multi-energy (MECT) platform, more than 2 energy bins can be simultaneously acquired, which in principle solve problem without need information. The purpose this work was investigate impact on noise bias...

The objective of this study was to investigate the optimization a high energy in-line phase sensitive x-ray imaging prototype under different geometric and operating conditions for mammography application. A retrieval algorithm based on attenuation duality (PAD) applied ph ase contrast images acquired by prototype. Imaging performance investigated at four magnification values 1.67, 2, 2.5 3 using an acrylic edge, American College Radiology (ACR) phantom detail (CD) with tube potentials 100,...

Coronary calcification is a strong indicator of coronary artery disease, and patients with "zero" score have much lower risk future cardiac events than those even small amounts calcium. However, false-negative (incorrect zero scores) may occur if calcifications are missed at CT due to limited spatial resolution.

This paper presents new formulas to determine the depth of field (DOF) optical and digital microscope systems. Unlike conventional DOF formula, methods consider interplay geometric diffraction optics for infinite finite microscopes corresponding It is shown that in addition well understood parameters such as numerical apertures, focal length, light wavelength, system components aperture stops also affect DOF. For same objective lens, inversely proportional size stop, it length ocular lens....

To demonstrate the feasibility of simultaneous dual-contrast imaging in a large animal using newly developed dual-source energy-integrating detector (EID)-based multi-energy computed tomography (MECT) system.Two tasks that may have potential clinical applications were investigated: head/neck (HN) CT angiography (CTA)/CT venography (CTV) with iodine and gadolinium, small bowel bismuth domestic swine. Dual-source X-ray beam configurations 70 kV + Au120/Sn120 Au140/Sn140 used for HN-CTA/CTV...

Prior information is often included in the basis material decomposition to solve quantification problem of three-material mixtures dual-energy computed tomography (DECT). Multienergy (MECT) with more than two energy bins can provide a sufficient solution this without invoking additional prior information. However, question remains as whether should still be process using MECT improve accuracy and control noise amplification. This study aims evaluate impact on bias both DECT MECT. The tasks...

Accurate background estimation to isolate the fluorescence signals is an important issue for quantitative X-ray (XRF) analysis of gold nanoparticles (GNPs). Though a good can be obtained experimentally through acquiring spectrum water solution, it inevitably leads unnecessary second exposure in reality. Thus, several numerical methods such as trapezoidal shape estimation, interpolation by polynomial fitting and SNIP (Statistics sensitive Nonlinear Iterative Peak-Clipping) algorithm are...

This paper aims to evaluate the impact of spectral filtration on image quality in a microcomputed tomography (micro‐CT) system. A mouse phantom comprising 11 rods for modeling lung, muscle, adipose, and bones was scanned with 17 s 2 min, respectively. The current (μA) each scan adjusted achieve identical entrance exposure phantom, providing baseline evaluation. For region interest (ROI) within specific composition, CT number variations, noise levels, contrast‐to‐noise ratios (CNRs) were...

BACKGROUND: Accurately depicting breast tumors located posteriorly, close to the chest wall musculature, with conventional mammography is a technical challenge. OBJECTIVE: This study demonstrates proof of concept an x-ray fluorescence mapping

Given the significant fluctuation of errors for single forecasting model and limitation linear combined models, A nonlinear multi-model ensemble method short-term power load is proposed. Firstly, big data pre-processed, multi-dimensional input feature variables are constructed selected. On this basis, three kinds prediction models random forest, support vector machine Xgboost modelled, different results obtained. Then, each individual result actual taken as a new training set, secondary...