Human hepatitis B virus (HBV) causes chronic and is associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. HBV infection alters mitochondrial metabolism. The selective removal damaged mitochondria essential for maintenance cellular homeostasis. Here, we report that shifts balance dynamics toward fission mitophagy to attenuate virus-induced apoptosis. induced perinuclear clustering triggered translocation dynamin-related protein (Drp1) by stimulating its phosphorylation at Ser616,...

Significance Persistent hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with mitochondrial liver injury. Mitochondrial quality control established as a physiological adaptation to This study provides new insight into how HCV disrupts dynamics and evades apoptosis innate immunity sustain persistent viral infection. promoted dynamin-related protein 1-mediated fission, followed by mitophagy. Interference of HCV-induced fission mitophagy led the suppression secretion, decrease in glycolysis ATP...

Significance N6 -methyladenosine (m 6 A) has recently been found to regulate numerous aspects of RNA biology. Similar methylation cytosine residues in DNA, eukaryotic is modified by enzymatic addition methyl groups at adenosines. m A modification affects a wide variety functions, including mRNA stability, translation, and the case viruses, viral replication production. Our investigation revealed that adenosine present known consensus motif within 5′ epsilon stem loop pregenomic 3′ ends all...

Abstract The resurgence of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in the form unprecedented and explosive epidemics India Indian Ocean islands after a gap 32 years is major public health concern. Currently, there no specific therapy available to treat CHIKV infection. In present study, vitro prophylactic therapeutic effects chloroquine on replication Vero cells were investigated. Inhibitory observed when was administered pre‐infection, post‐infection, concurrent with infection, suggesting that has...

Background and Aims Epitranscriptomic modification of RNA has emerged as the most prevalent form regulation gene expression that affects development, differentiation, metabolism, viral infections, notably cancer. We have previously shown hepatitis B virus (HBV) transcripts are modified by N6 methyladenosine (m 6 A) addition. HBV also m A several host RNAs, including phosphatase tensin homolog (PTEN), a well‐known tumor suppressor. PTEN plays critical role in antiviral innate immunity...

N6-Methyladenosine (m6A), the methylation of adenosine base at nitrogen 6 position, is most common epitranscriptomic modification mRNA that affects a wide variety biological functions. We have previously reported hepatitis B viral RNAs are m6A-modified, displaying dual functional role in life cycle. Here, we show cellular m6A machinery regulates host innate immunity against and C infections by inducing transcripts. The depletion writer enzymes (METTL3 METTL14) leads to an increase RNA...

Interferon (IFN) stimulates a whole repertoire of cellular genes, collectively referred to as ISGs (Interferon-stimulated genes). ISG20, 3´-5´ exonuclease enzyme, has been previously shown bind and degrade hepatitis B Virus (HBV) transcripts. Here, we show that the N6-methyladenosine (m6A)-modified HBV transcripts are selectively recognized processed for degradation by ISG20. Moreover, this effect ISG20 is critically regulated m6A reader protein, YTHDF2 (YTH-domain family 2). Previously,...

Lipids play a crucial role in multiple aspects of hepatitis C virus (HCV) life cycle. HCV modulates host lipid metabolism to enrich the intracellular milieu with lipids facilitate its proliferation. However, very little is known about influence on uptake from bloodstream. Low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) involved cholesterol rich low-density (LDL) particles The association lipoproteins implicates their entry; however, precise LDLR entry still remains controversial. Here, we...

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) suppresses innate immune signaling to establish persistent infection. Although HBV is a DNA virus, its pre-genomic RNA (pgRNA) can be sensed by RIG-I and activates MAVS mediate interferon (IFN) λ synthesis. Despite of the activation RIG-I-MAVS axis pgRNA, underlying mechanism explaining how infection fails induce interferon-αβ synthesis remained uncharacterized. We demonstrate that induced parkin able recruit linear ubiquitin assembly complex (LUBAC) mitochondria...

Abstract Chikungunya infection is a major disease of public health concern. The recurrent outbreaks this viral and its progressive evolution demands potential strategy to understand aspects pathogenesis. Unlike other alphaviruses, virus (CHIKV) pathogenesis poorly understood. In every consecutive outbreak, some new symptoms associated with virulence manifestations are being reported such as neurological implication, increased severity enhanced vector competence. order unravel the mechanism...

ABSTRACT Hepatitis C virus (HCV) exists as a lipoprotein-virus hybrid lipoviroparticle (LVP). In vitro studies have demonstrated the importance of apolipoproteins in HCV secretion and infectivity, leading to notion that coopts very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) for its egress. However, mechanisms involved particle assembly egress are still elusive. The biogenesis VLDL particles occurs endoplasmic reticulum (ER), followed by subsequent lipidation ER Golgi compartment. mature through...

Chikungunya has resurged in the form of unprecedented explosive epidemic 2006 after a long gap India affecting 1.39 million persons. The disease continued for next two consecutive years 59,535 and 64,548 persons during 2007 2008 respectively. outbreak being second largest among these three information regarding etiology mutations involved are useful further control measures. Among outbreaks Coastal Karnataka accounts 46,510 An in-depth investigation Karnataka, India, by serology, virus...

While a number of studies have documented the persistent presence chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in muscle tissue with primary fibroblast as preferable cell target, little is known regarding alterations that take place response to CHIKV infection. Hence, present study permissive mouse model infection was established and characterized order understand pathophysiology disease. The two dimensional electrophoresis proteome performed for differential analysis indicated drastic reprogramming proteins...

The resurgence of Chikungunya (CHIK) virus in the form an explosive, unprecedented epidemic with high virulence and unusual numbers fatalities has created immense public health concern recent years. In absence effective vaccine specific antiviral therapy, early accurate diagnosis is essential for best patient management. present study describes production characterization high-affinity selective monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) against recombinant E2 protein (rE2) CHIK virus. reactivity Mabs rE2...