A5006369417- Diet and metabolism studies
- Gut microbiota and health
- Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Microbial Metabolites in Food Biotechnology
- Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Isotope Analysis in Ecology
- Digestive system and related health
- Food composition and properties
- Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
- Infant Nutrition and Health
- Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterology
- Nutrition, Genetics, and Disease
- Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques
- Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
- Gastroesophageal reflux and treatments
- Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Marine and coastal plant biology
- Marine Bivalve and Aquaculture Studies
Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre
2016-2025
University of Glasgow
2016-2025
Laboratoire de Biochimie
2020
University of Exeter
2019
Scottish Enterprise
2001-2011
University of Stirling
2007
Royal Hospital for Children
2004-2006
Stobhill Hospital
2001-2002
British Veterinary Association
2001
Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council
2001
Abstract Increased intake of dietary carbohydrate that is fermented in the colon by microbiota has been reported to decrease body weight, although mechanism remains unclear. Here we use vivo 11 C-acetate and PET-CT scanning show colonic acetate crosses blood–brain barrier taken up brain. Intraperitoneal results appetite suppression hypothalamic neuronal activation patterning. We also administration associated with acetyl-CoA carboxylase changes expression profiles regulatory neuropeptides...
The colonic microbiota ferment dietary fibres, producing short chain fatty acids. Recent evidence suggests that the acid propionate may play an important role in appetite regulation. We hypothesised delivery of would increase peptide YY (PYY) and glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion humans, reduce energy intake weight gain overweight adults.
Objective To investigate the underlying mechanisms behind changes in glucose homeostasis with delivery of propionate to human colon by comprehensive and coordinated analysis gut bacterial composition, plasma metabolome immune responses. Design Twelve non-diabetic adults overweight obesity received 20 g/day inulin-propionate ester (IPE), designed selectively deliver colon, a high-fermentable fibre control (inulin) low-fermentable (cellulose) randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled,...
Diet-derived short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) improve glucose homeostasis in vivo, but the role of individual SCFAs and their mechanisms action have not been defined. This study evaluated effects increasing colonic delivery SCFA propionate on β-cell function humans direct isolated human islets vitro.For 24 weeks subjects ingested an inulin-propionate ester that delivers to colon. Acute insulin, GLP-1 non-esterified acid (NEFA) levels were quantified pre- post-supplementation response a mixed...
Background: Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), metabolites produced through the microbial fermentation of nondigestible dietary components, have key roles in energy homeostasis. Animal research suggests that colon-derived SCFAs modulate feeding behavior via central mechanisms. In humans, increased colonic production SCFA propionate acutely reduces intake. However, evidence an effect on human brain or reward-based eating is currently unavailable. Objectives: We investigated anticipatory reward...
Empirical scores, computerized ST-segment measurements, and equations have been proposed as tools for improving the diagnostic performance of exercise test.To compare utility these with that visual measurements in patients reduced workup bias.Prospective analysis.12 university-affiliated Veterans Affairs Medical Centers.814 consecutive who presented angina pectoris agreed to undergo both testing coronary angiography.Digital electrocardiographic recorders angiographic calipers were used at...
Algal—herbivore (fish and sea urchin) interactions in shallow (<10 m) deeper (>15 coral forereef communities off Discovery Bay, Jamaica, were investigated compared. Algal functional form groups exhibited different bathymetric distribution patterns. Crustose corallines, the most abundant group water, decreased abundance with increasing depth, whereas erect macroalgae increased predominating water. This pattern was correlated a decline herbivory over depth. The hypothesis that affects...
Butyrate is an important substrate for maintenance of colonic health and oligofructose fermentation by human faecal bacteria can increase butyrate production in vitro. However, appears to be fermented mainly acetate lactate-producing rather than butyrate-producing bacteria. Isotope labelling studies using [U-(13)C(6)]glucose were used show that (13)C(2) (13)C(4) the major labelled species produced from glucose fermentation, via [(13)C(2)]acetate-acetyl CoA as intermediate. Bacterial...
Upper gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas show an unexplained male predominance that is more apparent in oesophagus than stomach and intestinal diffuse histological subtype. We have conducted a population-based study to determine whether the gender phenomenon primarily related anatomical site or subtype.Of 3270 gastric oesophageal cancers recorded West of Scotland Cancer Registry, 1998-2002, 812 were randomly selected for detailed analysis. The Lauren subtype adenocarcinoma was determined by...
Abstract A high‐fibre diet and one rich in fruit vegetables have long been associated with lower risk of chronic disease. There are several possible mechanisms underpinning these associations, but likely important factor is the production bioactive molecules from plant‐based foods by bacteria colon. This links to our growing understanding role gut microbiome promoting health. Polyphenolic‐rich plant potential health effects many studies, bioavailability polyphenol compounds, as eaten, often...
Short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs), produced from fermentation of dietary fibre by the gut microbiota, have been suggested to modulate energy metabolism. Previous work using rodent models has demonstrated that oral supplementation SCFA propionate raises resting expenditure (REE) promoting lipid oxidation. The objective present study was investigate effects sodium on REE and substrate metabolism in humans. Eighteen healthy volunteers (9 women 9 men; age 25 ± 1 years; body mass index 24.1 1.2...
The short chain fatty acid (SCFA) propionate, produced through fermentation of dietary fibre by the gut microbiota, has been shown to alter hepatic metabolic processes that reduce lipid storage. We aimed investigate impact raising colonic propionate production on steatosis in adults with non-alcoholic liver disease (NAFLD). Eighteen were randomized receive 20 g/d an inulin-propionate ester (IPE), designed deliver colon, or inulin control for 42 days a parallel design. change...
Propionic acid (PA) is a bacterium-derived intestinal antimicrobial and immune modulator used widely in food production agriculture. Passage of Crohn's disease-associated adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) through murine model, which PA levels are increased to mimic the human intestine, leads recovery AIEC with significantly virulence. Similar phenotypic changes observed outside model when grown culture as sole carbon source; such exposure also results that persists at 20-fold higher...
The 'double burden of malnutrition' is a global health challenge that increasingly affects populations in both low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This phenomenon refers to the coexistence undernutrition overweight or obesity, as well other diet-related non-communicable diseases, same population, household even individual. While noteworthy progress has been made reducing some parts world, many these areas, prevalence obesity increasing, particularly urban resulting greater numbers...
Recent legislation in the European Union (EC/2065/2001) requires that seafood must provide consumer with information describes geographical origin and production method. The present studies aimed to establish methods, based on chemical stable isotopic analysis, could reliably differentiate between wild farmed sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). study measured fatty acid compositions (δ13C δ18O) of total flesh oil, δ15N glycerol/choline fraction, compound-specific analysis acids (δ13C) by...
This study investigated the effect of carbohydrate (CHO) dose and composition on fuel selection during exercise, specifically exogenous endogenous (liver muscle) CHO oxidation. Ten trained males cycled in a double-blind randomized order 5 occasions at 77% for 2 h, followed by 30-min time-trial (TT) while ingesting either 60 g·h−1 (LG) or 75 13C-glucose (HG), 90 (LGF) 112.5 13C-glucose-13C-fructose ([2:1] HGF) placebo. doses met exceed reported intestinal transporter saturation glucose...
Polyphenols are often ingested alongside dietary fibres. They both catabolised by, and may influence, the intestinal microbiota; yet, interactions between them impact on their resultant microbial products poorly understood. Dietary fibres (inulin, pectin, psyllium, pyrodextrin, wheat bran, cellulose—three doses) were fermented in vitro with human faeces (n = 10) without rutin (20 µg/mL), a common flavonol glycoside. Twenty-eight phenolic metabolites short chain fatty acids (SCFA) measured...